PRE-TEST
Ostwald-Folin Pipette - glass pipette with an oval bulb near the tip and is used for viscous fluids
What is integrated in an air displacement pipette? A Piston
Shift - represents six or more consecutive control values that distribute themselves on one side of the mean
Gauge 21 - standard venipuncture needle for routine venipuncture on adult patients with normal veins or for syringe blood culture collection
Ambient Temperature, Altitude - environmental factor that affects evacuated tube draw volume
Calcium, Albumin - analytes that ebcome elevated if the patient suddenyly changes position from supine to upright just before blood collection
10mL bleach + 90mL water - 100mL of 10% solution
Fasting and 2 Hours - times of measurement for plasma glucose levels during and OGTT in non-pregnant patients being screened for Type 2 DM
a-fetoprotein - produced by embryonic hepatocytes and fetal yolk sac cells; increased in amniotic fluid in cases of spina bifida
Elevated BUN, 10x crea value - usually accompanies elevated creatinine values
Absorbance increases at 340nm - base measurement of reference method for glucose determination
Control - solution containing several analytes with known target values; used to monitor analytical performance
0.026 - factor used when converting cholesterol concentrations from mg-dL to mmol/L
Acetic anhydride / Sulfuric Acid - reagent for color development in the Liebermann-Burchard reaction for cholesterol
Multiple myeloma - usually yields high serum total protein in conjunction with low serum albumin
Enzymatic-UV - specific method for uric acid; not subject to inteference by reducing agents
Type 4 Hyperlipoproteinemia - hyperlipoproteinemia consistent with hypertriglyceridemia, increased pre-betalipoprotein fraction, negative standing plasma test
>240mg/dL - cholesterol values associated with high-risk CHDamong adults aged 30-39
Heparin - most commonly used anticoagulant for many clinical chemistry tests
LDL - directly estimated with the measurement of plasma concentration of Apo B-100
Lp(a) - high level of homology with plasminogen; aossicated with an increased risk for MI and stroke
Heparin sulfate/manganese, Dextran sulfate/magnesium, Sodium phosphotungstate/Manesium - precipitating agents used to remove VLDL nd LDL from serum so that only the HDL cholesterol remains for measurement
Uric acid - compound that causes the reduction of phosphotungstic acid to a tungsten blue complex
B-type natriuretic peptide - test used as a marker for congestive heart failure
Hepatic cirrhosis - beta-y bridge in serum protein electrophoresis
3% - allowable coefficient of variation for total cholesterol (at most)
2mg/dL/h - rate of glucose metabolism in an unpreserved sample at refrigeratore temperature
50% methanol - reagent used in the Evelyn-Malloy method to solubilize unconjugated bilirubin
Nelson-Somogyl - method that uses arsenomolybdic acid as oxidizing agent
Apoprotein A-1 - inversely related to risk of CHD
Potassium - electrolyte that has the most narrow reference range; most strictly regulated by the body
Ca, Mg, K - electrolytes involved in neuromuscular excitability
Lyase - enzyme classification of aldolase
Testosterone - most potent androgen
Excess of dissolved CO2 - characterizes respiratory acidosis
GGT - enzyme useful in establishing the hepatic origin of an elevated serum ALP
Freezing Point Depression - used to determine osmolality by clinical osmometers
Chloride - major extracellular anion
TBG - major binding protein for thyroxine
Alcoholic Liver Disease - associated with high serum GGT
Sodium - decreases when determined by indirect ISE in lipemic serum
Cortisol - enzyme that promotes gluconeogenesis
Congestive Heart Failure - characterized by hypnatremia due to increased water retention
Pyruvate + NADH - products of the Wacker reaction
LD - highest activity in normal serum
Uremia, Lactic Acidosis - associated with high anion gap
Adding 8-hydroyquinoline - inhibits magnesium interference in measuring calcium using o-cresolpthalein complexone
AAS - most accurate method of determining calcium
High HCO3 - primary defect in metabolic alkalosis
Metanephrine - useful in patients suspected of having phaeochromocytoma
Urine osmolality higher than that of plasma - characteristic of SIADH
Thymol pthyalein monophosphate - substrate used in the Roy method for acid phosphatase
Potentiometry - electroanalytical technique used in pH and pCO2 measurement
p-Nitrophenyl phosphate - substrate in ALP measurement using chromogenic assay s
Pseudocholinesterase - activity decreases in insecticide poisoning
Hexokinase, G6PD - enzymes used in coupling reactions in the reverse CK method
Oxaloacetate to malate - conversion that is catalyzed when malate dehydrogenase is added to the AST assay
Bone - ALP isoenzyme that is most likely present if less than 20% activity remains after heating serum to 56C for 10 minutes
GGT - falsely elevated enzyme following intake of epileptic drugs
Lipase - enzyme assay that involves monitoring the decrease in turbidity or light scatter as the substrate is hydrolized
Decrease plasma sodium value - what happens to plasma sodium values in adrenal insufficiency, burns, and hypoaldosteronism
110-130 mmol/L - renal threshold for sodium
Paget disease - elevated serum calcium; decreased serum inorganic phosphate; elevated urine calcium; elevated urine inorganic phosphate
Sodium, Chloride - two ions most abundant in normal serum
Alkalosis - shifts the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left
Phosphate Buffers - used in calibrating the pH meter used in arterial blood gas analysis
Increased ACTH, decreased cortisol - characteristic plasma hormone levels in primary adrenal insuffiency
FSH - promotes estrogen secretion in females and spermatogenesis in males
Primary and Secondary Hyperthyroidism - low serum TSH in which thyroid disease
Free T4 and TSH are normal - what happens to T4 and TSH in a euthyroid state with abnormally low TBG
ADH and oxytocin - secreted by the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus
DI and Conn’s Syndrome - conditions in which plasma sodium level characteristically high
21-Hydroxylase deficiency; 17-hydroxyprogesterone assay - most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia; which test is used for its diagnosis
Ostwald-Folin Pipette - glass pipette with an oval bulb near the tip and is used for viscous fluids
What is integrated in an air displacement pipette? A Piston
Shift - represents six or more consecutive control values that distribute themselves on one side of the mean
Gauge 21 - standard venipuncture needle for routine venipuncture on adult patients with normal veins or for syringe blood culture collection
Ambient Temperature, Altitude - environmental factor that affects evacuated tube draw volume
Calcium, Albumin - analytes that ebcome elevated if the patient suddenyly changes position from supine to upright just before blood collection
10mL bleach + 90mL water - 100mL of 10% solution
Fasting and 2 Hours - times of measurement for plasma glucose levels during and OGTT in non-pregnant patients being screened for Type 2 DM
a-fetoprotein - produced by embryonic hepatocytes and fetal yolk sac cells; increased in amniotic fluid in cases of spina bifida
Elevated BUN, 10x crea value - usually accompanies elevated creatinine values
Absorbance increases at 340nm - base measurement of reference method for glucose determination
Control - solution containing several analytes with known target values; used to monitor analytical performance
0.026 - factor used when converting cholesterol concentrations from mg-dL to mmol/L
Acetic anhydride / Sulfuric Acid - reagent for color development in the Liebermann-Burchard reaction for cholesterol
Multiple myeloma - usually yields high serum total protein in conjunction with low serum albumin
Enzymatic-UV - specific method for uric acid; not subject to inteference by reducing agents
Type 4 Hyperlipoproteinemia - hyperlipoproteinemia consistent with hypertriglyceridemia, increased pre-betalipoprotein fraction, negative standing plasma test
>240mg/dL - cholesterol values associated with high-risk CHDamong adults aged 30-39
Heparin - most commonly used anticoagulant for many clinical chemistry tests
LDL - directly estimated with the measurement of plasma concentration of Apo B-100
Lp(a) - high level of homology with plasminogen; aossicated with an increased risk for MI and stroke
Heparin sulfate/manganese, Dextran sulfate/magnesium, Sodium phosphotungstate/Manesium - precipitating agents used to remove VLDL nd LDL from serum so that only the HDL cholesterol remains for measurement
Uric acid - compound that causes the reduction of phosphotungstic acid to a tungsten blue complex
B-type natriuretic peptide - test used as a marker for congestive heart failure
Hepatic cirrhosis - beta-y bridge in serum protein electrophoresis
3% - allowable coefficient of variation for total cholesterol (at most)
2mg/dL/h - rate of glucose metabolism in an unpreserved sample at refrigeratore temperature
50% methanol - reagent used in the Evelyn-Malloy method to solubilize unconjugated bilirubin
Nelson-Somogyl - method that uses arsenomolybdic acid as oxidizing agent
Apoprotein A-1 - inversely related to risk of CHD
Potassium - electrolyte that has the most narrow reference range; most strictly regulated by the body
Ca, Mg, K - electrolytes involved in neuromuscular excitability
Lyase - enzyme classification of aldolase
Testosterone - most potent androgen
Excess of dissolved CO2 - characterizes respiratory acidosis
GGT - enzyme useful in establishing the hepatic origin of an elevated serum ALP
Freezing Point Depression - used to determine osmolality by clinical osmometers
Chloride - major extracellular anion
TBG - major binding protein for thyroxine
Alcoholic Liver Disease - associated with high serum GGT
Sodium - decreases when determined by indirect ISE in lipemic serum
Cortisol - enzyme that promotes gluconeogenesis
Congestive Heart Failure - characterized by hypnatremia due to increased water retention
Pyruvate + NADH - products of the Wacker reaction
LD - highest activity in normal serum
Uremia, Lactic Acidosis - associated with high anion gap
Adding 8-hydroyquinoline - inhibits magnesium interference in measuring calcium using o-cresolpthalein complexone
AAS - most accurate method of determining calcium
High HCO3 - primary defect in metabolic alkalosis
Metanephrine - useful in patients suspected of having phaeochromocytoma
Urine osmolality higher than that of plasma - characteristic of SIADH
Thymol pthyalein monophosphate - substrate used in the Roy method for acid phosphatase
Potentiometry - electroanalytical technique used in pH and pCO2 measurement
p-Nitrophenyl phosphate - substrate in ALP measurement using chromogenic assay s
Pseudocholinesterase - activity decreases in insecticide poisoning
Hexokinase, G6PD - enzymes used in coupling reactions in the reverse CK method
Oxaloacetate to malate - conversion that is catalyzed when malate dehydrogenase is added to the AST assay
Bone - ALP isoenzyme that is most likely present if less than 20% activity remains after heating serum to 56C for 10 minutes
GGT - falsely elevated enzyme following intake of epileptic drugs
Lipase - enzyme assay that involves monitoring the decrease in turbidity or light scatter as the substrate is hydrolized
Decrease plasma sodium value - what happens to plasma sodium values in adrenal insufficiency, burns, and hypoaldosteronism
110-130 mmol/L - renal threshold for sodium
Paget disease - elevated serum calcium; decreased serum inorganic phosphate; elevated urine calcium; elevated urine inorganic phosphate
Sodium, Chloride - two ions most abundant in normal serum
Alkalosis - shifts the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left
Phosphate Buffers - used in calibrating the pH meter used in arterial blood gas analysis
Increased ACTH, decreased cortisol - characteristic plasma hormone levels in primary adrenal insuffiency
FSH - promotes estrogen secretion in females and spermatogenesis in males
Primary and Secondary Hyperthyroidism - low serum TSH in which thyroid disease
Free T4 and TSH are normal - what happens to T4 and TSH in a euthyroid state with abnormally low TBG
ADH and oxytocin - secreted by the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus
DI and Conn’s Syndrome - conditions in which plasma sodium level characteristically high
21-Hydroxylase deficiency; 17-hydroxyprogesterone assay - most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia; which test is used for its diagnosis