The Coercive acts 7

Parliament responded to the colonial unrest with new laws known as the "Coercive" or "Intolerable Acts. " The Boston Port Bill closed Boston's port until the tea was paid for, threatening the city's economy. Additional laws limited local authority and required housing for British troops. Instead of isolating Massachusetts, these acts united other colonies in support. The Quebec Act, passed around the same time, enlarged Quebec's boundaries and allowed trials without juries, angering Protestant colonists. Although not meant as a punishment, Americans linked it to the Coercive Acts, collectively calling them the "Five Intolerable Acts. "

On September 5, 1774, delegates from the colonies met in Philadelphia for the First Continental Congress to address the situation. With 55 delegates, they aimed to show unity while avoiding radicalism. They declared no obedience to the Coercive Acts and affirmed their rights to "life, liberty, and property. " They created the "Continental Association" to enforce a trade boycott, establish committees for customs inspections, and promote economical practices.

This association galvanized local groups to oppose British authority, gaining support from various social classes. However, some colonists still preferred compromise, including moderates who might have supported the king. King George III's refusal to concede further isolated loyalists who disapproved of the unfolding events.