Skeletal System

Fact:

• The study of bone is called “^^Osteology^^”
• The skeleton has 2 categories. These 2 categories are axial and ==appendicular==.
• Axial forms the body’s axis and it protects major organs
• ==Appendicular== is the upper and lower extremities and the bony girdles
• When you’re an adult you have 206 bones, but when you're born you have 270 bones. Bones merge with each other as you age.

Function:

Since bone is a living tissue it has many key functions that our body needs. These key functions are maintaining the structure of the human body and they also play a role in maintaining life.

Support: A rigid framework that supports tissues and organs in the body.

Protection:

• Skull and vertebral column: central nervous system
• Ribs: the heart and lungs
• Pelvic cavity: Pelvic viscera

Body movement:

The bones anchor attachments for most of the skeletal muscles

^^Hemopoiesis:^^

• Red marrow can produce white, red blood cells. It can also produce platelets. When you’re a infant this is done by the spleen and. The liver.
• It’s estimated that 1 million blood cells are produced per second.

@@Mineral storage:@@

Some minerals that bones store at CA, P , Mg , Na, k , Pb ,U and Sr

Types:

There are many types of bones

%%Long bones:%%

• Longer than they are wide
• They function as a lever
• Most of the long bones include the legs and arms

Flat bones:

• Broad dense surfaces for muscle attachments
• For the protection of underlying organs like ribs, shoulder girdles

@@Sesamoid Bones:@@

• These bones are embedded within a tendon or a muscle for example a knee cap (patella) is embedded. This can also be applied to the Adam’s apple in the neck (hyoid bone)

==Short bones:==

• Shaped like a cube
• They are found in confined spaces and they also transfer forces. An example of this is the wrists and ankles.

^^Irregular bones:^^

These bones have various shapes and many surfaces for their muscle attachments. These examples include vertebrae and pelvis.

Growth and maturation:

Since bone is a living tissue it’s constantly growing, recycling and maturing throughout our lives. The 3 specific bone cells have their own roles in our lives.

==Osteocytes:== Mature bone cells

^^Osteoblasts:^^ Bone-building cells

Osteoclasts: Bone destroying cells (growth and healing)

Need-to-know examples:

Some bones that are apart of the skeletal system are:

The bones that you are responsible for are

• Carpals
• Femur
• Ulna
• Patella
• Radius
• Tarsals
• Rib Cag
• Tibia
• Pelvis
• Metacarpals
• Phalanges
• Metatarsals
• Humerus
• Clavicle
• Sternum
• Cranium
• Mandible

Vertebrae