HIST 4950

Study Guide Exam 2

  1. was born in Clay County, Missouri (“Little Dixie”) in 1847. His farm was raided by , who horsewhipped him (when he was 13 years old), tortured his stepfather, and forced his mother and sister to strip. He and his brother, Frank, would retaliate (vengeance).

Jesse James; jayhawkers (pro-union)

  1. Frank joined a guerilla group led by ___, Jesse joined later at the age of 16, riding with a lieutenant known as ___. Their group was fearless, attacked union cavalry, and routed them by sheer hatred and bravado.

William Clark Quantrill; lieutenant “Bloody Bill” Anderson

  1. Even when the war ended and bushwackers started to surrender, Jesse realized surrender was out of the question for him after being shot point-blank in the chest. Others like him had bounties on their head, so he joined a group led by . They would commit the first _ in American history (1866). With this, Jesse earned the reputation as a ruthless killer.

Archie Clement; daylight bank robbery

  1. The Pinkertons were hired to track Jesse, launching a personal vendetta against him. What did they do that provoked the James brothers to join a group of outlaws led by Cole Younger, thus creating the infamous James Younger gang?

Bomb thrown into their mother’s home, burning stepbrother alive and blowing mother’s arm off

  1. The James Younger gang very seldom robbed the ___.

Passengers on train (“Robin Hood myth”)

  1. In 1876, the James Younger gang was almost wiped out in the ___, with only the James brothers escaping. 

Northfield Minnesota Raid; bank owner Aldebert Ames/ “The Beast” Benjamin Butler

  1. By 1882, Jesse was the most wanted man in American history. Frank retired to a quiet life, while Jesse reconstituted a new gang with what new members (one of which would end up killing him)?

Charlie Ford and little brother Bob Ford; Bob shot Jesse in back while he was fixing a picture on the wall; Ford got reward money but later killed

  1. After Jesse James, ___ was the most hunted man in American history.

Rube Burrow

  1. Burrow would struggle to live a normal life: his wife died of yellow fever, crops failed, and he had two small children to care for. He unexpectedly became a criminal when his brother convinced him to join him and others on a __.

Train robbery; passengers hid belongings, only $300 stolen

  1. On their second attempt, Burrow’s group forced the train to stop on a bridge so passengers could not hide their valuables outside the train, and they bagged $1400. They would rob more trains, evade Pinkertons, and in December 9, 1887, they hit the motherload:

Train carrying LA lottery payoff; $40,000+ in gold and silver coins

  1. Burrow would turn the people against him after doing what?

Shooting a postmaster in the head (to avoid signing form to receive a package)

  1. Burrow would bushwack a posse of Pinkertons in 1889, provoking the biggest manhunt in American history up to that time. He would be taken to jail in Alabama, attempt to escape, but get shot by a jailer. While his body was being transported to his father’s home, dozens would crowd the train to take pieces of his items/hair, revealing what?

America’s morbid fascination with crime and murder

  1. Who was known as the “Gentleman Train Robberer” for his kind etiquette?

Eugene Bunch

  1. Bunch was sent to prestigious Franklinton Academy, but when war broke out he joined the 4th Louisiana Infantry Regiment and would be affected psychologically by war (with a hatred of Yankees). He would flounder with his life while married (gambling, drinking, womanizing), and when his wife left him he took up the career of ___.

Train robbing; people suspicious how he gambled, drank, lost money, disappeared, return with money and repeat process

  1. Bunch would rob several trains, eluding capture by hiding out at ___. Pinkertons would pursue him relentlessly, one finally infiltrating his network. Bunch killed him, making him the only known person he killed. What would lead Bunch to his downfall?

Pearl Swamp; When he started taking partners (Colonel Hopgood potentially killed him)

  1. was the detective who had engineered the capture of Rube Burrow and had set his sights on Bunch. While he described Burrow as a coward and sneak, he thought Bunch was someone who _.

T.V. Jackson; Never betrayed a friend/associate; carefully planned, practiced precision/execution (unlike James)

  1. Bunch would be remembered as a ___.

Hero that attacked industry that preyed on the people (mainly railroads)

  1. After the Civil War, a shift occurred in society known as organizational synthesis. What was the shift?

Transportation and communication networks expanded; city life brought into countryside; phosphate fertilizers made farmers hostage—Bunch and others claimed to be striking out against that

  1. What did all robbers mentioned have in common?

Young men, army veterans, all killed (none brought to justice); crime wave ended

  1. Americans have a willingness to engage in collective violence. Reasons (four):

Changed perception of deference (abundance of land and opportunity→free thinking with no-landed aristocracy); revolution against perceived tyrants; lingering frontier promoted vigilantism as a legitimate means of social control; no alternative forms of entertainment, especially in rural regions (communities/ clubs/terror groups shared secrets, held self-perception of moral highground)

  1. __ were self-appointed moral and political regulators in the south in late 19th and early 20th centuries. They attacked those who deviated from their perception of the proper functioning of society (often confused with KKK).

Whitecaps

  1. Who were the people the whitecaps often attacked?

Drunks, wife-beaters, “uppity” black people; beatings, horsewhippings, murder

  1. Whitecaps were often inspired by economic competition such as:

Few high-paying jobs in post-civil war south; sharecropping; a way to ventilate frustration

  1. Whitecaps were difficult to control because they often included ___, and local law enforcement frequently turned a blind eye or joined in.

Leading members of a community

  1. Herrenvolk Democracy is a system of government that essentially is democracy for “people like us.” It formed especially in the south after a failed ___.

Populist movement in 1896 election (William Jennings Bryan candidate, vice president candidate Tom Watson); black voters coerced into voting against their own interests

  1. Tom Watson, following the loss of the 1896 election, would conclude black people were not reliable allies and had to get off the ___. He would become a race-baiting, arch-segregationist. After the collapse of the populist revolt, race relations dramatically declined in the South. 

Voting roles

  1. Lynching was primarily a means of controlling __ in 1880s, but soon became exclusively a means of controlling blacks. 

Whites

  1. In 1885, there were 184 lynchings nationwide, white and black→ by 1900, there were 115 lynchings nationwide, white and black.

110 white, 74 black (1885); 9 white, 106 black (1900)

  1. Many prominent whites justified lynching as ___. While most lynchers came from lower orders of society, they did so with the blessing of the __.

Defending western civilization; elite blessing

  1. ___ was a prominent anti-lynching advocate who changed her mind when populist party was defeated. She encouraged white men to engage in lynching.

Rebecca Felton (also first woman appointed in Senate)

  1. wrote The Mind of the South and argued Southern society was governed by .

Wilbert J. Cash; Proto-Dorian Convention

  1. What are the principles of the Proto-Dorian Convention?

To sustain white supremacy, lower white classes owed allegiance wealthy elites, who treated them as equals; both groups actually disliked each other

  1. What was the concomitant byproduct of the Proto-Dorian Convention?

 “Savage ideal”: all whites vented their anger on the least empowered (black people)

  1. Elite whites tolerated lynching as a necessary mechanism that __.

Ventilated the rage of the white under-class and kept black people in their place; prevented populist revolt against elite whites

  1. After a prominent detective, , was ambushed and shot in New Orleans, witnesses claimed that he said the Italian mob figures did it. Although evidence was very limited, a mob organized into , storming the prison and lynching __, creating an international incident.

David Hennessey; 20,000 people mob lynched 11 of 16 Italians in prison; U.S. forced to pay money to Italy to prevent war

  1. A bank grosser at Independence, LA, , was shot and killed by _ who were trying to rob a bank. They are tried and legally executed, though the mob tried to beat law to it.

Dallas Calmes; six Italians

  1. , a factory superintendent and 29-yr-old respected Jewish man, was arrested for the suspicion of the brutal murder of 13-yr-old Mary Phagan (laborer at National Pencil Factory), all on the testimony of .

Leo Frank; testimony of Jim Conley (building janitor)

  1. Mary Phagan became a symbol for ___, while Frank was depicted as a ___.

Countless rural whites forced by desperate poverty to send children to toil in Yankee factories; Frank a rich Jew exploiting young women

  1. Georgia governor John Slaton came under enormous pressure to save Frank, and he commuted him in 1915. What happened after that?

Vigilante group known as Knights of Mary Phagan overpowered guards of prison and brought Frank to Mary Phagan’s home and hanged him; no one prosecuted

  1. Who were the Texas Rangers?

Paramilitary force created in 1835 to patrol lawless regions of Texas; notorious for torturing prisoners and executing them on the spot; cooperated with mobs

  1. When it comes to the five categories of criminals, what is category 1?

Ordinary person driven by overwhelming external circumstances; behavior can become compulsive (e.g. stealing to feed family)

  1. When it comes to the five categories of criminals, what is category 2?

Ordinary person carried away by an irresistable impulse; opportunity arises and they seize the moment (e.g. underaged person drinking, date-rape)

  1. When it comes to the five categories of criminals, what is category 3?

Neurotic criminal;irresistable, unconscious impulses; dual personality struggle

  1. When it comes to the five categories of criminals, what is category 4?

Genuine criminal priding on delinquent exploits to express antisocial attitudes; wants to be noticed, envious/resentful of what others have; incarceration does little to deter them

  1. When it comes to the five categories of criminals, what is category 5?

Mentally/criminally ill; most dangerous; derive satisfaction from harming others; incapable of remorse/empathy

  1. When it comes to foster care, children often avoid ___, suffer ___, and their first crime is usually __, which opens the seal to chronic, criminal behavior that advances in severity with age.

Avoid attachments; suffer abuse; theft

  1. What is the difference between first and second degree murder?

Second degree murder NOT premeditated intent to cause death

  1. What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary manslaughter?

Voluntary intent to harm but not kill, involuntary without intent

  1. What is homicidal ideation?

A medical term for thoughts about homicide

  1. What is a sociopath?

Disregard for laws, morals, and others; little remorse; volatile violence and emotions (impulsive); believed to be result of nurture (environment influence)

  1. What is psychosis?

Abnormal condition of the mind where person cannot distinguish real/unreal; subject to delusional episodes; e.g. BPD

  1. What is psychopathy?

Personality disorder with no empathy, recklessness, lying, etc.; a genetic condition, they have no conscience; unable to learn from mistakes or punishment

  1. ___ came from a wealthy family that lived frugally in Fall River, Massachusetts. Her mother died, and her father, Andrew, remarried to a woman named Abby, whom she despised. On August 4, Abby went upstairs to clean a previous visitor's (John Morse’s) bedroom when she was attacked and struck 18 times in the head with a hatchet. When Andrew came home, the door was jammed and the maid, Bridget Sullivan, could hear laughing upstairs as she helped to unjam the door. What happened next?

Lizzie Borden; she told maid to treat herself in town, but Bridget stayed and took a nap instead; Lizzie struck Andrew 11 times in head with hatchet when he was asleep

  1. Lizzie and her sister, Emma, were in line to inherit millions. During her trial, what happens that influences the jury to believe Lizzie’s story and acquit her?

Another axe murder in Fall River; she had no past criminal record

  1. and were two Italian-born American anarchists who followed the teachings of Luigi Galleani (advocated for revolutionary violence to destroy corrupt governance).

Sacco and Vanzetti

  1. On April 15, 1920, a security and paymaster at a shoe company in Massachusetts were transporting the company payroll when they were ambushed, shot, and robbed. The Robbery was assumed to fund __. Although there was limited evidence to accuse Sacco and Vanzetti, they were arrested, sparking what?

Fund anarchist activities (bombing campaign across country at time); arrest sparked wave of bombing including Wall Street

  1. The two anarchists’ case became studied worldwide. What happened to them?

Executed in 1927 (before, a juror’s house and the shoe company was bombed)

  1. Two highly intelligent teenagers (students at University of Chicago), and , decided to set out to commit the “crime of the century” (1924). What concept were they obsessed with?

Leopold and Loeb; obsessed with Frederick Nietzsche's “ubermenschen” (supermen; superior to everyone else and did not have to follow societal rules)

  1. Both boys grew up in extremely wealthy families, and they first engaged in petty crimes (theft, vandalism), but when no one noticed, they advanced to crimes like arson. When media interest still wasn’t generated, they finally determined they needed to commit __ to confirm their status.

Murder

  1. Who was the victim Leopold and Loeb chose to kill?

14-yr-old Bobby Franks, neighbor and second-cousin of Loeb

  1. Leopold and Loeb’s plan was unraveled when the victim’s mother could not follow their instructions and police found the body in less than 24 hours. While Loeb laid low, what did Leopold do?

Publicly “helped” propose theories to media; his customized glasses was found at crime scene and traced to him

  1. What was Leopold and Loeb’s alibi?

They picked up a girl (prostitute) in limo, but chauffeur discredited that

  1. What was the prisoner’s dilemma Leopold and Loeb underwent?

Interrogated separately, informed of consequences, given a deal to turn the other in for a lesser sentence; choice to keep mouths shut and potentially get away with it, or risk being ratted out by the other first; both quickly confessed and blamed the other; both convicted and sentenced to life in prison (Loeb murdered by another prisoner, Leopold paroled in 1958)

  1. Feuding is __ behavior, not a single episode or outburst of violence.

Sustained

  1. What fueled feuding?

Lingering frontier, antiquated legal system and perception of individual legal rights; cultural acceptance and value of honor

  1. Many feuds grew out of what roots?

Civil War, fencing policies, love interests gone wrong, depressed economic conditions

  1. What is “Nash equilibrium”?

Despite knowing what your opponent is planning, you and opponent do not change plans

  1. What is game theory?

Study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent, rational decision-makers; fate of individual determined by himself and others

  1. What is undesirable equilibrium (includes above concepts)?

Society caught in a state where killers are able to roam freely and unworried of consequences; victim-based (people are accepting of safe obscurity)

  1. What is the only way to break undesirable equilibrium?

Embrace credible commitment to change (someone needs to put themselves at risk to break the cycle)

  1. The Hatfield-McCoy feud was between and the family of from 1878–1891.

Devil Anse Hatfield and Cap Hatfield vs Randolph McCoy family

  1. The feud between Hatfields and McCoys began in earnest in 1878 because of a dispute over __.

Ownership of a hog; friend of both families testified in favor of Hatfields, and he was killed by two McCoy brothers, creating bad blood

  1. On election day, 1882, __ was killed by three McCoy boys in a drunken brawl, who were then tied to pawpaw bushes and riddled with lead.

Ellison Hatfield

  1. What happened to Randal McCoy’s home on New Years night in 1888?

Home set on fire, Randal escaped; two children and wife killed

  1. The Kentucky law posse ambushed the Hatfields and they surrendered. All in all, there were __ murders in 12 years. 

12

  1. In the ___ war (1889–1893 Wyoming area), who were the opponents?

Johnson County War; Wealthy ranchers persecuting “rustlers” (simple farmers)

  1. What is prior appropriation?

Asserted ranchers had rights to all land and water resources because they were there first; sought to deny new settlers opportunity to improve their lives

  1. As tit-for-tat killings escalated, ranchers hired 23 gunmen to officially suppress the settlers, paying them $5 a day and $50 for every rustler killed. These gunmen became known as the __.

“Invaders”; 200 men cornered invaders in a barn, but militia intervened; tensions remained high for years

  1. The feud began in Texas in 1911 when John Beal Sneed’s wife, Lena, admitted she was having an affair with , who would help her escape insane asylum and flee to Canada.

Boyce-Sneed; Al Boyce Jr.

  1. Sneed uses his influence to get Boyce Jr. arrested and charged with kidnapping. His wife is returned to him, and in Jan. 1912 he encounters __ in a hotel lobby in Forth Worth and does what?

Boyce Sr; kills him

  1.  In March 1912, what happened in the feud?

Sneed’s father killed in ambush, Sneed blamed Boyces

  1. In Sept. 1912, Sneed did what?

Killed Boyce Jr outside of church in Amarillo and killed him; Sneed avoided convictions in trials and died of natural causes in 1960

  1. On March 1, 1932, Charles and Anne Lindbergh’s home was invaded and their baby kidnapped. What was at the crime scene? 

Crudely-built ladder, chisel, footprints (implying gang); ransom note implied German author

  1. How was the crime scene at the Lindbergh home compromised?

State police chatter heard by reporters, who swarmed estate; crime scene never sealed off

  1. Who was the baby’s nurse?

Betty Gow

  1. Who was in charge of the investigation in the Lindbergh baby kidnapping?

Charles Lindbergh (H. Norman Schwarzkopf in charge of state police); incompetent and antiquated police forces at time

  1. Lindbergh called in a gangster named Rosner to show around the ransom note and find more clues, giving him $2500 to do it. What were the results?

Rosner found nothing; those that saw ransom note became copycats

  1. Who volunteered to be an intermediary between Lindbergh and the kidnappers? What did the kidnappers require him to put in the newspaper to confirm their connection?

John Condon; newspaper ad, “Money is ready. Jafsie”

  1. A cab driver was given an envelope to give to Condon, which gave him directions to a cemetery in the Bronx. What did he learn about the figure he met?

Called himself John; tuberculosis cough, German/Scandinavian accent; Condon gave him his coat

  1. A few days later, Condon received a package with what items?

Baby outfit and note demanding $70,000, signed Jafsie

  1. The next time Condon went to meet with John in the cemetery, Lindbergh rode with him. What did Condon give and get in return?

$50,000 to John in exchange for envelope containing baby’s whereabouts; Lindbergh upset about Condon’s boast that he saved him $20,000

  1. Despite given location of the baby, he was nowhere to be found. Meanwhile, a truck driver found a baby’s decomposing body in the underbrush. What evidence did Lindbergh and Gow use to identify the body as the missing baby?
    Child had similar webbed toes; custom-made shirt by Gow (not a positive ID)

  2. What happened in 1933 that eventually gave authorities the lead they were looking for?

President FDR took U.S. off gold standard (all ransom money was gold notes)

  1. In September of 1934, a gas station owner took a picture of a license plate of a man who paid with gold notes, giving authorities a new lead. Who owned the license plate?

Bruno R. Hauptman, a wealthy German immigrant and skilled carpenter

  1. Who was the man that Condon declared looked and sounded like John?

Isidor Fisch (partner of Hauptman and conman; scammed Hauptman)

  1. While there was little evidence to be found in Hauptman’s home, what did police find in his garage that led to his arrest?

Ransom money jars totaling $13,000 under his floor; Hauptman claimed Fisch gave him boxes of jars as a parting gift to make peace with his scams

  1. Hauptman declares innocence, but the prosecution had “expert” witnesses to point the blame towards him. Who was the lead prosecutor? The defense attorney?

David Wilentz prosecutor (political ambitions); Edward Reily DA (didn’t help)

  1. Hauptman was convicted and sentenced to death. Who tried to give him a deal for life in prison (to save his life), though Hauptman refused and was executed by electric chair?

Governor Harold Hoffman

  1. The “public enemy” was originally a term used to describe what kind of people?

People on margins of society engaged in unlawful acts (e.g. shoplifter, bootlegger); used to shame them and encourage their prosecution

  1. Many people considered a “public enemy” were made desperate by conditions prevailing in the , and also fell into the amendment’s encouragement of criminal activity.

Depression; 18th

  1. All of the public enemies (to be listed in study guide) were to some degree used to do what?

Expand power and reach of federal law enforcement; shift from frontier-mindset of vigilantism

  1. Who were the prominent members of the Barrow gang?

Bonnie Elizabeth Parker, Clyde Chestnut Barrow, Buck Barrow, Blanche Barrow, W. D. Jones, Henry Methvin

  1. In 1926, Clyde Barrow was arrested with brother Buck for possession of a stolen __. Following that, he committed numerous petty thefts until he was arrested and sent to what prison?

Turkey; Texas Eastham Prison

  1. What happened to Clyde in prison?

Repeatedly sexually assaulted by thug; crushed rapist’s skull with pipe, and another inmate willingly took blame for it

  1. How was Clyde released from prison?

Inmate chopped off two of his toes, and mother got him out on medical discharge

  1. Clyde and Bonnie met in 1930 and were immediately smitten. They began robbing stores to get money and guns for what purpose?

Launch a liberation raid on Eastham Prison

  1. W. D. Jones, a family friend, as well as Buck and his wife, Blanche, joined the gang. Several confrontations would occur with police, with the body count rising and provoking an intensified manhunt for the Barrow gang. How did they evade capture?

Clyde hugged state lines (jurisdiction hopping); steal suped-up cars

  1. A severe car accident caused what injury to Bonnie?

Severe burn removed flesh from hip to ankle

  1. While hiding out in a tourist resort, how did the posse find the Barrow gang?

Clyde robbed drug stores→Blanche paid rooms/food with bags of coins and in favorite pants→ hideout located near cafe that was frequented by highway patrol

  1. What happened at the confrontation at the tourist resort?

Shootout with Barrow gang escape; Buck caught bullet in head, Blanche’s eyes injured by glass

  1. What happened to Barrow gang at an abandoned amusement park in Iowa?

Posse found them; Buck shot to death, Blanche capture, others wounded/escape

  1. Who was the prisoner that escaped during the Eastham Prison Raid that joined the Barrow Gang?

Henry Methvin

  1. Who was the famous Texas Ranger recruited by police to track down and kill the Barrow Gang? Who was his lieutenant that he recruited?

Frank Hamer (had killed at least 53 men); Lieut. Gault

  1. Hamer concluded Barrow Gang would go visit family they hadn’t been to recently (in Louisiana). In May 1934, they got Methvin’s father to assist them in finding the gang. What did they stage (and what was the result)?

“Duck blind” on side of road; Methvin Sr pretended to have a blowout tire, gang pulled over to help, and they were shot to pieces

  1. What new FBI rules resulted after Bonnie and Clyde?

Allowed police to cross state lines, stronger communication between law enforcement

  1. What did John Dillinger do in his brief crime career?

Gang robbed 24 banks and 4 police stations; escaped twice from jail; killed a cop

  1. As a teenager, Dillinger was convinced by his father to turn himself in for robbery. He was sentenced to 20 years in prison. Why did he return to crime after release?

Height of Depression→ no work available (resorted to robbing banks)

  1. What would Dillinger do to avoid capture?

Plastic surgery, hide out in big city

  1. How did the FBI find and kill Dillinger?

Tip provided by prostitute, who contacted head of FBI hunt, Mel Purvis; stake out at two theaters of likely location; Dillinger recognized operation and tried to flee, shot and killed instead

  1. Who killed more FBI agents than any other person to this day?

Lester Gills/Baby Nelson; perfected art of home invasions

  1. What happened at Little Bohemia lodge (Wisconsin)?

Nelson, Dillinger, and others there when FBI surrounded area; Sunday evening special→dozens of people; people in car with loud radio drove away, failed to hear police instructions to stop, and were shot and killed; gang escaped

  1. What happened at the Battle of Barington, Illinois?

Nelson and gang crash car, engage in shootout battle with agents; Nelson killed

  1. ___ was regarded as a tragic figure of the Depression as much as a notorious thief and killer. 

Charlie “Pretty Boy” Floyd

  1. Pretty Boy, living a hard scrabble existence, found that his only option was to rob banks and stores, killing officers in the process. Yet, why did the public maintain a deep affection for him?

Perceived to strike out against “the man”; burned mortgage figures in banks

  1. What was Floyd blamed for that he would deny for the rest of his life?

June 1933 Kansas City Massacre

  1. How many people attended Floyd’s funeral (he was killed by FBI)?

30,000+; largest funeral ever attended in Oklahoma

  1. __ had four sons whom she made no effort to educate and were cold-blooded killers.

Kate “Ma” Barker

  1. When her son Fred was released from jail, he teamed up with __, committing lucrative robberies and killing anyone in their way.

Alvin Karpis

  1. In St. Paul, Minnesota, what crimes did Barker family commit?

2 lucrative kidnappings, tipped off by local police about FBI, killed Ma’s boyfriend

  1. The Barker gang would go to Chicago and continue their crime spree. Then, they go to Florida, where they would be tracked through a reference to Gator Joe (local alligator). What happened in January 1935?

FBI surrounded house (large witness crowd); only Fred and Ma in house, killed

  1. Why is Ma considered an accomplice/culprit of her sons’ crimes?

She knew about and assisted them in all their crimes; gave gang cover story

  1. __ was born in Winfield, LA and led a political career concerned about poor people (Share the Wealth), acting as a demagogue with dictatorial tendencies and made many political enemies.

Huey P. Long

  1. When Long gerrymandered districts, he attracted intense opposition, including from , whose son-in-law would allegedly assassinate him (debated if accidentally bodyguards did it).

Benjamin Pavy (judge); Carl Weiss assassin

Reading Questions

  1. What was the bloodiest election in LA history that challenged Democratic dominance?

Populist Revolt 1896

  1. What did the 1898 Constitutional Convention do in Louisiana?

Took vote away from black & poor white voters to prevent revolutionary effort like Populist Revolt

  1. What happened in the Balltown Riot?

Constable, after being confronted by aggressive restaurant owner Crea Lott, returned to black camp with posse→ shootout ended with Lott’s restaurant and church set afire, 3 whites and 11 blacks dead

  1. Despite profound change occurring in the Florida Parishes, including railroad and communication expansion, strawberry and dairy farming, entertainment and education growth (including SLU), why were there still issues with crime and the legal system?

Antiquated perceptions of honor/justice; undesirable equilibrium

  1. Who were the Bourbon Democrats?

Politicians with racist rhetoric to distract from their poor record of service to LA; strongest at locations with cotton-growing and large black population (equal to or greater than white population; Felicianas)

  1. What reforms have been proposed to improve the Florida Parishes’s legal system (by DA Perrilloux)/to overcome undesired equilibrium?

Better education, accountability, and resources (EAR) for enforcers of law

  1. In Rebel Bayou, the main protagonists are Wright and Stansbury.

Ready and Mollie

  1. In Rebel Bayou, who are the main antagonists?

Whitecaps/nightriders: Lawton Hancock (plantation foreman for Lloyd Gilmore), SIlas Lewis (Hancock’s sidekick), Lem White (Hancock’s nephew), Burke Crain (raped Mollie, cousin to Hancock)

  1. Who is James Ward in Rebel Bayou?

Lieutenant in Union army; defended captured Ready and his brother Joe; railroad agent, tax collector; a leader against whitecaps

  1. Who is Jean Paul in Rebel Bayou?

Friend of Ready; introduced Voodoo to Ready, later saved Mollie from drowning

  1. Who was the individual who, like Ready, left the nightriders and joined Ward’s fight against them?

Mark Easley

  1. Ready fought in the Civil War along with his younger brother, Joe. Who was his older brother that died in the Battle of Vicksburg?

Jes

  1. Jean Paul and Ready go to at the same time Mollie’s family go to . 

New Orleans (experience voodoo ritual); Pensacola (Mollie raped)

  1. Loe Watson and other townsfolk become concerned about the escalation of crimes in the area, including what?

Bushwacking, arson (including church), assault, murder of Jeff Archer; Watson later attacked and robbed

  1. Who’s death forces the town to realize they need to take action against the whitecaps?

Reverend Bates

  1. In the finale, a shootout at a barn on East Forks Road occurs. Who rescued the posse from annihilation by the nightriders?

Lloyd Gilmore (southern planter)

  1. Who did Ready pursue into the Pearl River swamp? Who followed him?

Pursued Hancock, Crain, and another; Mollie, Charlotte Van Eagan, and Ward followed him; Ready killed Hancock and the other, then shot by Crain (he survived); Ward killed Crain