Week 4 Summary - Citing Research

Vancouver/NLM References

• Essential for supporting factual information in peer-reviewed articles.

• Direct quotes must be explicitly noted.

• Full reference list included at the end of each article.

• Follows National Library of Medicine (NLM) formatting with variations for different publishers.

Anatomy of Journal Article Citation in NLM Style

• Author format: Last name, initials (no degrees).

• Article title: Sentence case (capitalize first letter).

• Journal name: Use proper abbreviation, no spaces between year, volume, issue, page numbers.

Reference Formatting

• References are numbered consecutively in order of appearance.

• Same reference can be reused if cited again.

• Always cite original sources.

• Additional formats for grey literature available online.

In-Text Citations

• Common knowledge may not require citations.

• Superscript reference numbers after punctuation.

• No parentheses or extra spaces around reference numbers.

• Font size must match general text.