Prehistory Overview and Key Artifacts

Definition of Prehistory

  • Prehistoric: Refers to the period of time before the invention of writing.

Transition to History

  • History begins around c. 3200 B.C.E., marked by the start of written language.

Notable Prehistoric Artifacts

Hall of Bulls
  • Location: France
  • Date: 28,000 BC
  • Key Features:
    • Profile: Representation of animals in side view.
    • Contour: The outline shape showing the form of the bulls.
    • Materials Used: Ochre (natural clay pigment) & Charcoal.
Stonehenge
  • Location: England
  • Date: 3100 BC
  • Structure Details:
    • A Henge: Defined as a circular ditch with entrances on either side, possibly used for ritualistic purposes.
The Venus of Willendorf
  • Date: 30,000 BC
  • Significance: An iconic figurine representing fertility and the female form, reflecting prehistoric artistic expression.
The Lion Man
  • Date: 40,000 BC
  • Location: Germany
  • Material: Made of mammoth ivory
  • Significance:
    • Represents a combination of human and animal characteristics, possibly honoring the cave lion, man, and mammoth.
    • Evidence of prehistoric ritual or spiritual beliefs, as it was rubbed by prehistoric people.
Jericho Skull
  • Date: 9,500 BC
  • Description:
    • A human skull with mud/clay molded on its surface.
    • Notable feature: A hole in the back of the head filled with dirt and leaves, possibly indicating burial practices or ancestor veneration in prehistoric cultures.