Untitled Flashcards Set

What are the key learning objectives for periodontal disease treatment? 1. Understand risk factors of periodontitis 2. Describe periodontitis characteristics 3. Assess the prognosis of a single tooth 4. Understand periodontal treatment phases 5. Describe non-surgical therapy & re-evaluation 6. Recognize periodontal abscesses & endo-perio lesions 7. Understand necrotizing periodontal diseases.

What is the epidemiology of periodontitis? 1. 47.2% of US adults have periodontitis (~65 million people). 2. Prevalence increases with age: 70% of adults over 65 have periodontitis. 3. More common in males, smokers, lower education levels, and those with diabetes.

What are the four risk categories in periodontitis? 1. Risk Factor (confirmed causal relationship, e.g., smoking, diabetes). 2. Risk Determinant (non-modifiable factors, e.g., age, genetics). 3. Risk Indicator (likely association, e.g., stress, osteoporosis). 4. Risk Predictor (associated with disease progression but not causative).

What are the major modifiable risk factors for periodontitis? 1. Smoking (4x increased risk, dose-dependent). 2. Diabetes Mellitus (poor glycemic control worsens outcomes). 3. Obesity (inflammatory cytokines worsen periodontal health). 4. Poor oral hygiene. 5. Stress & depression (linked to immune dysfunction).

What systemic diseases are linked to periodontitis? 1. Diabetes (bidirectional relationship). 2. Cardiovascular disease (increased systemic inflammation). 3. Rheumatoid arthritis (P. gingivalis citrullination). 4. Respiratory diseases (aspiration of periodontal bacteria). 5. Adverse pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight).

What are the clinical characteristics of periodontitis? 1. BOP >10%. 2. PD >4mm. 3. Interdental CAL ≥1mm. 4. Radiographic bone loss (RBL). 5. Pathologic tooth mobility & migration. 6. Furcation involvement. 7. Gingival inflammation & suppuration.

What are the 5 stages of periodontal treatment? 1. Preliminary Phase (Urgent Care). 2. Phase 1: Non-Surgical Therapy (OHI, SRP). 3. Re-Evaluation (4-6 weeks post-SRP). 4. Phase 2: Surgical Therapy (if non-surgical therapy fails). 5. Phase 3: Restorative Therapy. 6. Phase 4: Supportive Periodontal Therapy (SPT).

What is the goal of Phase 1 (Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy)? 1. Control infection via Scaling & Root Planing (SRP). 2. Remove biofilm & calculus. 3. Improve home care with Oral Hygiene Instruction (OHI). 4. Reduce inflammation and pocket depths.

What is the expected time frame for periodontal re-evaluation? 1. 2-4 weeks for gingivitis treatment. 2. 4-6 weeks after the last SRP session for periodontitis treatment.

What factors are evaluated during periodontal re-evaluation? 1. Probing Depths (PD). 2. Bleeding on Probing (BOP). 3. Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL). 4. Furcation involvement. 5. Plaque control & calculus removal efficiency. 6. Tooth mobility.

What determines if a patient requires surgical therapy after re-evaluation? 1. PD >5mm despite non-surgical therapy. 2. Furcation involvement persists. 3. Persistent BOP & inflammation. 4. Inadequate response to SRP.

What surgical procedures may be performed in Phase 2 Therapy? 1. Open flap debridement (access surgery). 2. Osseous resective surgery (bone recontouring). 3. Regenerative surgery (bone grafts, GTR). 4. Furcation treatment (tunneling, root resection).

What is the goal of supportive periodontal therapy (SPT)? 1. Prevent disease recurrence. 2. Maintain periodontal stability. 3. Reinforce oral hygiene & remove biofilm.

How often should Supportive Periodontal Therapy (SPT) be performed? Every 3-4 months for periodontitis patients, individualized based on risk assessment.

What are the clinical signs of a periodontal abscess? 1. Localized pain & swelling. 2. Deep periodontal pocket with pus/suppuration. 3. Rapid onset. 4. Tooth mobility. 5. May present with fever or malaise.

How is a periodontal abscess treated? 1. Drainage through the periodontal pocket. 2. Scaling & Root Planing (SRP). 3. Systemic antibiotics if systemic symptoms present. 4. Evaluate for contributing factors (deep pockets, furcation defects).

What are necrotizing periodontal diseases (NPDs)? 1. Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG). 2. Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis (NUP). 3. Necrotizing Stomatitis (severe form spreading beyond periodontium).

What are the diagnostic features of necrotizing periodontal diseases (NPDs)? 1. Punched-out papillae (crater-like ulcers). 2. Severe pain & rapid progression. 3. Gray pseudomembrane covering the lesions. 4. Fetid breath (malodor). 5. Possible systemic symptoms (fever, malaise).

What is the treatment protocol for necrotizing periodontal diseases? 1. Debridement with CHX rinses (0.12%). 2. Metronidazole 250mg TID for 7 days (systemic involvement). 3. Eliminate risk factors (smoking, stress, malnutrition). 4. Frequent follow-ups.

What are the key takeaways for periodontal disease treatment? 1. Non-surgical therapy (SRP) is the first line of treatment. 2. Surgical therapy is required when non-surgical therapy fails. 3. Maintenance therapy is lifelong for periodontitis patients. 4. Systemic conditions significantly impact periodontal treatment success.