AP COGO VOCAB
Authoritarianism:
A political regime where power is concentrated in a single leader or small elite who exercises authority over the state without being constitutionally responsible are accountable to the public.
Authority:
The right to use power
Causation:
Where one variable directly led to a change in another variable.
Consolidated Democracy:
A constitutional government that follows formal procedures
Correlation:
Between two variables something similar
Coup:
A small group of elites, often military officers seize control or the government, but make no fundamental changes to the regime
Democratic Consolidation:
A process that occurs over a period of time as a state deepen its commitment to free and federal elections and protecting civil liberty’s
Democratization:
Or political liberalization is the process of a state becoming more responsive to the consent of the governed.
Devolution:
Oftentimes the national government was transferred power to a lower level of government to address regional concerns. The process is called devolution .
Empirical:
Our factual conclusion that can be drawn from evidence
Federalism:
System of government in which sovereignty is formally shared between the national and subnational governments
Governments: are the individuals who exercise authority for their state these leaders run the political institutions that make public policy consequently, changing government is when there is a change of political leaders
Illiberal: also called a hybrid regime is a political system that holds regular election but lacks the institutional protections for civil liberties transparency in the role of law that defines true democracy
Legitimacy:
Is when the people accept the government’s authority to make policy
Nation: is a self identified group that shares a common cultural ethnicity, language or religion, and expires for political control
Normative:
Or value related assertions that may be made about political behavior
Political Culture:
The collective set of widely shared beliefs Values, and norms That citizens hold regarding Their government, political systems
, and their role within that system
Political Socialization:
The lifelong process Through a witch Individuals acquire their political beliefs,values attitudes, and behaviors
Political Stability: political stability, ensures that the government is in controlled by maintaining sovereignty over both internal actors, such as a group or external actor, such as multinational corporations, a government can effectively use its authority to make policy
Qualitative: sources of political inquiry that include descriptive, political, speech, interviews, or cartoons
Quantitative:
Measurables examples as voter turnout rates, literacy rates
Random Sample:
Provide important insights about political behavior often sometimes there will be an app parent association
Reform:
The most common type of change adjustments are made to institutions or rules is in constitutional procedures
Regime:
Is the prevailing pattern of political tips in a state overtime typically resume as classified as a Democratic authoritarian
Representation:
The mechanism by which citizens are given a voice in government decision-making usually through elected officials who act on their behalf
Revolution:
The most dramatic from a change in which a large popular movement often violently causes a regime change
Rule of Law:
Sovereignty: or ultimate authority over their territory
State: is a unified political entity that has a monopoly on the use of force within its borders
Transitional: or known as hybrid is used to describe a state that displays elements of both
Transparency: the degree to which a government allows it citizens to access official information about this decisions, actions spending and policy making process
Unitary:
The system of government in which all sovereignty centralized in the national government
Other Important Terms:
Human Development Index (HDI) - An aggregate measure of life expectancy, education, and per capita income.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - The total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year.
Gini Index (coefficient) - A measure of income inequality in a country.
Freedom House- A non-governmental organization that advocates for democracy and human rights and measures freedom around the world.
State, Governments, Regimes, and Nations
Bureaucracy - A set of appointed officials and government workers who carry out policies.
Regime change - A change in the fundamental rules and systems of government.
Change in government - A change in leaders, without fundamental changes in the system of government.
Nationalism - When a group has a strong sense of identity and believes it has its own destiny.
Legitimacy and Stability
Political efficacy- A citizen’s belief that his or her actions can impact the government.
Traditional legitimacy - The right to rule based on a society’s long-standing patterns and practices (ex: U.K.)
Charismatic legitimacy - The right to rule based on personal virtue, heroism, or other extraordinary characteristics (eg: Putin in Russia)
Rational-legal legitimacy - The right to rule based on an accepted set of laws