Brown

Chapter 12: Technology in Language Learning and Teaching

Questions for Reflection

  • Key developments in L2 technology use.

  • Benefits of integrating technology in L2 learning and teaching.

  • Expectations in technology standards for language teachers.

  • Application of various technological tools in language classrooms.

  • Definitions and differences between CALL and MALL.

  • Pedagogical issues for L2 teachers when applying technology.

Shift in Technology Use

  • CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) has evolved to become integral, not just supplementary, in education.

  • Current students are termed "digital natives" due to their routine engagement with technology from a young age.

  • They often process information differently from older generations.

  • Teachers need to embed technology into their teaching practices to enhance learning.

Historical Developments in Technology Use

Stages of CALL Development

  1. Behavioristic CALL (1960s-1970s):

    • Viewed computers as mechanical tutors facilitating individualized learning.

  2. Communicative CALL (1980s):

    • Focus shifted to communicative use with games and interactive applications.

  3. Integrative CALL (1990s onward):

    • Emergence of the Internet; collaborative tools allowed interactivity and greater learner engagement.

    • Transition from static (Web 1.0) to dynamic (Web 2.0).

Technology Standards for Language Teachers

  • TESOL Technology Standards outline teachers' responsibilities in integrating technology.

  • Teachers are expected to be knowledgeable in technological applications and research.

  • Reflection on technology's impact on learning is essential for continuous improvement.

Benefits of Technology in Language Learning

  • Exposure to interaction via networking tools.

  • Opportunities for learner-learner and learner-content interactions.

  • Access to authentic linguistic data outside the classroom through various online resources.

  • Development of social identities through participation in social networking sites.

MALL (Mobile-Assisted Language Learning)

  • The rise in mobile technology usage transforms language learning.

  • Mobile devices provide tools for immediate access to resources and learning materials.

  • The portability allows learning in flexible environments, enhancing engagement.

  • Challenges include potential superficial engagement due to small screens.

Principles for Using Technology in Language Teaching

  1. Recognize the blurred boundaries between leisure and learning.

  2. Promote active and collaborative learning using technology.

  3. Provide necessary scaffolding for successful task completion.

  4. Use concise paragraphs and bulleted lists for online readability.

  5. Stay updated on technological advancements and resources.

Classroom Applications

Types of Applications

  • Reading and Writing

    • Use of email, e-books, wikis, and blogs in language learning.

  • Listening and Speaking

    • Utilize video clips, podcasts, and conferencing tools for practice.

  • Grammar and Vocabulary

    • Implement online grammar exercises, corpus studies, and mnemonic strategies with mobile devices.

Conclusion

  • The integration of technology opens up new opportunities for language learning.

  • The goal is to foster independence in students and empower their language learning journey.

  • Continuous adaptation to new technological tools and methods will enhance educational practices.