Sci 9 - Unit B - Lesson #1 - Completed

Handouts and Lesson Overview

  • Date: October 29, 2024

  • Topic: Unit B, Lesson #1

  • Associated Materials: Examples provided for notebook

Key Concepts Introduced

  • Different materials possess distinct properties.

  • Understanding properties of substances through:

    • Laboratory investigations

    • Introductory chemical theory

  • Comparison of chemical substances to investigate their properties and interactions.

Fundamental Questions

  • What are the properties of materials?

  • What happens during chemical changes?

  • What evidence indicates a chemical change?

  • What theories or models explain these observations?

Important Terms and Definitions

  1. WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System)

  2. Substance

  3. Endothermic Reaction

  4. Exothermic Reaction

  5. Reaction Rates

  6. Periodic Table - Symbols

  7. Elements

  8. Compounds

  9. Atomic Theory

  10. Chemical Nomenclature

  11. Conservation of Mass

WHMIS and Safety Rules

WHMIS Overview

  • A system of symbols indicating chemical hazards.

  • Shape of Symbols: Indicates hazard level.

  • Inside Symbols: Specifies the type of hazard.

Lab Safety Rules

  1. Read all written instructions before activities.

  2. Follow instructions carefully.

  3. Wash hands after each activity.

  4. Wear safety gear as required (goggles, gloves, apron).

  5. Think before touching potentially dangerous materials.

  6. Smell substances cautiously by fanning scent.

  7. Never taste lab substances.

  8. Secure loose hair, roll up sleeves.

  9. Pour liquids into stable, stationary containers only.

  10. Immediately clean up spills as instructed.

  11. Observe substances through the side of containers.

  12. Do not use cracked or broken glassware.

  13. Label containers with contents distinctly.

  14. Report spills/accidents to the teacher immediately.

  15. Familiarize yourself with WHMIS symbols before use.

States of Matter

  • Matter exists primarily in three states: solid, liquid, gas.

  • State depends on temperature.

Properties of Matter

  • Properties: Characteristics that describe a substance.

    • Divided into:

      • Physical Properties: Observable attributes.

      • Chemical Properties: Describe how substances react.

Physical Properties

  • Examples:

    • Color

    • Luster (shininess)

    • Melting temperature

  • Key Concept: In physical changes, the appearance changes but the composition remains unchanged.

Chemical Properties

  • Describe interactions during chemical changes, e.g.:

    • Does it burn?

    • Reaction with oxygen?

    • Reactivity with acids?

    • Production of gas or solid?

Pure Substances vs. Mixtures

Pure Substances

  • Consist of one kind of matter with unique properties.

  • Examples: Gold, sugar.

  • Can be elements (cannot break down into simpler substances) or compounds (formed from chemically combined elements).

Mixtures

  • Combination of pure substances without chemical bonding; retain original properties.

  • Types of Mixtures:

    1. Mechanical Mixture: Visible distinct substances (e.g., soil).

    2. Solution: Substances blend to appear homogeneous (e.g., saltwater).

    3. Suspension: Cloudy mixture with separable particles (e.g., muddy water).

    4. Colloid: Cloudy mixture with non-separable tiny particles (e.g., milk).