• Takes place between 1867-1967

Centennial of Canadian Confederation

• Logo was a maple leaf made out of 11 triangles

• 10 provinces and northwest territories

• Centennial medals

• Centennial money

  • Dove

  • Rabbit mackerel

  • Bobcat

  • Wolf

  • Goose

• Centennial train

  • January 9th in Victoria BC to december 5th in Montreal

  • Exhibits that showcased Canadian history and culture

  • 63 cities

July 1st

• Canada day

• Built a special building

• Train travelled across the country

• Prime minister pearson lit the Centennial Flame

• Now called the Eternal flame

• On remembrance day the light is turned red

Expo 67

• Montreal hosted

• To celebrate the birthday

• Theme was “Man and His World”

• Man the creator

• Man the explorer

• Man the producer

• Man the provider

• Man and the community

• 50 million people visited the site

• 113 country pavilions exhibiting their culture and traditions

• Apr 27th to Oct 29th

• International monetary success

Youth

• Baby boomers were teenagers

• Huge change in culture

• Youth quake

  • ½ canadian population was under 25

  • Wanted a different life than their parents

  • Many became activists

  • Many challenged society’s norms

  • Successful with this due to their large population

  • Many of them also became hippies

• Baby boomers has disposable income

  • Don't need the money to survive

  • Can spend money on things they want

Hippies

• Bohemian look of social and anti war demonstrations

• Loose natural look

• Long hair

• Jeans tie dye

• Frays

• Folk music

Fashion

• Huge way to express identity, beliefs, things supported, things u liked

Women

• Psychedelic swirls

• Bright colors

• Short, shapeless shirt dresses

• Pencil skirts

• Vinyl boots and shoes

• Short bobs

• Long Straight Hair

• Babydoll

• All about bold colour

Men

• Bell bottoms

• Tie dye

• Work shirts

• Jesus sandals

• Headbands

• Velvet suits

• Frilled colours

• Nehru jackets

Music

• Nudity

• Drug Use

• Language

• Rock & Roll

• Early Sixties: pop and rock of the 50s

• Mid sixties

• Blues rock

• Pop rock

• Folk rock

• Psychedelic rock

Trends

• Mr. Dressup

  • 1967

  • Puppeteer Ernie McCooms

  • 4 year old Casey and his dog Finnigan

  • Crafts, drawing, stories, tickle trunk

  • Aired every weekday morning

  • 4000 episodes

  • Received order of canada

  • Canadian television hero

• Sesame Street

  • 1967

  • American

• Cookie Monster

• Lots of Puppets in the 60s

Global Village

• TV and media changed the world

• UOFT professor Marshall McLauhan

• “The way technology would bring people together would systematically changed the course of society”

Literature

• Massive evolution

• More globally aware

• Culture awareness

• What was happening politically and socially around the world

• Controversial books

  • To Kill a Mockingbird

  • Where The Wild Things Are

Top 10 TV Shows of the 1960s

• Lots of sci-fi shows (bc of space race)

• Comedies and sitcoms 30 mins

• One hour drama

• Entertainment shows (singing and dancing)

Art

• More simplistic

• Influence and inspire its viewers

• Non conformist

• Colourful

• Loud

• Challenge societal expectations

• Go into the unknown and to look and feel the art

• Alexander Calder: mobiles and sculptures

• Helen Frenkenthaler: non representational art

• Andy Warhol: leading artist

Canadian Artists

• Neil Young

• Born in 1945

• Launched his music career in the 60s

• Buffalo Springfield in 1969

• Canadian Music Hall of Fame

• Canadian Walk of Fame

• Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

Sports

• Kentucky derby

• Most famous horse race in the world

• Run the first sat in may

• May 2nd 1964

• First canadian horse to win

The original six hockey teams

• Montreal Canadiens

• Toronto Maple Leaves

• Boston Bruins

• Chicago Blackhawks

• Detroit Red Wings

• New Tork Rangers

The New Six

• LA Kings

• Pittsburgh Penguins

• St. Louis Blues

• California Seals

• Minnesota North Stars

In 1967, Canadians travelled to the olympics and won award for skiing

Movies

• Drama

• Westerns

• Action

Social Changes

• Universal Health Care

• 1962

• Tommy leader of the CCF

• Universal health care to saskatchewan

• Applies universally in Canada on July 1st 1968

Medicare - 1966

Greatest Canadian Tommy Douglas

Canadian Bill of Rights

• Diefenbaker believed that Canada’s internment of Japanese was disgraceful

• Felt that a bill of rights would prevent such an event from re-occurring

International Issues - Equality )Concept)

• Apartheid was a system of institutionalized racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa from 1948 until the early….

Canadian Pension Plan

• 1965

• Creates the CPP response to the growing poverty in retired Canadians.

• Gives back 25 of the workers earnings

• 2016: averaged around $7700

The Pill- 1961

• Contraception was illegal up to 1969 in Canada

• Start of the women’s movement and secual revolution

• What would change

• Some argue it was a decline in social morality

• Very successful

• 1961-1969 : was illegal

• Had the right to control economical well being

  • Had the right to a bank account or credit card

• Had the right to employment

  • Werent equal under the law

  • Werent earning the same

• Women didn't have control over her reproductiveness

• 1969, legal contraceptives legal for all women

• Enabled women to go to university

Young Offenders Act

• Under 14, treated differently than if u were older

• Case in 1967

• Steven truscott was wrongly convicted of killing his 12 year old school,ate Lynne Harper

• 50 years in jail before released

Legalizations:

1969 (criminal code):

• Homosexuality

• Abortion

  • only legal if the women's health was in danger

• Jumpstarted womens right and lgbtq movements

1969: Birth Control

• Start of the women’s movement and the sexual revolution

• Argument against: it would decline the women’s social morality

Introduction of LGBTQ2 - Equality RIghts

• Homosecuality was illegal up to 1969 in the Criminal Code of Canada

• Abortion is also legalized in the same bill in 1969 if the women’s health is in danger

Auto Pact

• In the early 60s, the Canadian auto industry was failing limited market high tariffs in the imported parts

1965: the Auto Pact was created

• Relationship between Canada and the US to remove tariffs

Significance?

• Displayed key elements of free trade and protectionism

• Key role in the creation of the Free Trade Agreement with the US

• Saved the Canadian auto industry

A Couple of Significances

• Key elements of both free trade

Politics

• John G. Diefenbaker

• Conservative Party

• 1957-1963

• Cut taxes

• Increased pensions

• Built railways, roads and schools

• Introduced Canada’s first bill of RIghts

• He also valued diversity

• Appointed the first women to cabinet

• Appointed the first aboriginal to senate

Avro-ARrow

• St. Laurent, research was put into developing a fighter jet that could protect Canada from a Soviet Attack

• This culminated in the Avro-Arrow, the most technically advanced jet of its kind

• However, it was very costly, approximately $8 million per plane, which was 10x the cost of an American Starfighter

• Canadian made orenda endive made for the Arrow was scrapped for a US made engine which led many to believe the US was influencing the project )they were not)

• The program all together was costing over

• Many went to the United States to work for Boeing

• Most believe it was the right decision, but poorly executed as the public the avro arrow

• It also

  • Diefenbaker - disappointments

  • Economic recession

  • Diefenbaker fixed the dollar at 92.5 cents

  • Made exports cheaper and imports more expensive

• Diefenbaker- the cuban missile crisis

• Soviets build missile sites in cuba so they could launch a nuclear attack against the US

• Kennedy demanded Khrushchev turn back the ships that were on their way to deliver the missiles

• US formed a naval blockade around cuba

• Threatened to take military action if Khrushchev didn’t comply

• For 5 days, Khrushchev refused to call back his ships. The world stood on the brink of nuclear war

• Kennedy requested Canada immediately put its military on alert

• Diefenbaker delayed for 2 days

• Angry that kennedy had not consulted him first

• Feared that being on military alert might heighten tension with the USSR

• Demonstrate an act of independence from US foreign policy

• Crisis ended