100 YEARS OF CANADA (The Centennial)

• Takes place between 1867-1967

Centennial of Canadian Confederation

• Logo was a maple leaf made out of 11 triangles
• 10 provinces and northwest territories
• Centennial medals
• Centennial money
  • Dove
  • Rabbit mackerel
  • Bobcat
  • Wolf
  • Goose
• Centennial train
  • January 9th in Victoria BC to december 5th in Montreal
  • Exhibits that showcased Canadian history and culture
  • 63 cities

July 1st

• Canada day
• Built a special building
• Train travelled across the country
• Prime minister pearson lit the Centennial Flame
• Now called the Eternal flame
• On remembrance day the light is turned red
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Expo 67

• Montreal hosted

• To celebrate the birthday

• Theme was “Man and His World”

• Man the creator

• Man the explorer

• Man the producer

• Man the provider

• Man and the community

• 50 million people visited the site

• 113 country pavilions exhibiting their culture and traditions

• Apr 27th to Oct 29th

• International monetary success

Youth

• Baby boomers were teenagers
• Huge change in culture
• Youth quake
  • ½ canadian population was under 25
  • Wanted a different life than their parents
  • Many became activists
  • Many challenged society’s norms
  • Successful with this due to their large population
  • Many of them also became hippies
• Baby boomers has disposable income
  • Don't need the money to survive
  • Can spend money on things they want

Hippies

• Bohemian look of social and anti war demonstrations

• Loose natural look

• Long hair

• Jeans tie dye

• Frays

• Folk music

Fashion

• Huge way to express identity, beliefs, things supported, things u liked

Women

• Psychedelic swirls
• Bright colors
• Short, shapeless shirt dresses
• Pencil skirts
• Vinyl boots and shoes
• Short bobs
• Long Straight Hair
• Babydoll
• All about bold colour

Men

• Bell bottoms
• Tie dye
• Work shirts
• Jesus sandals
• Headbands
• Velvet suits
• Frilled colours
• Nehru jackets

Music

• Nudity

• Drug Use

• Language

• Rock & Roll

• Early Sixties: pop and rock of the 50s

• Mid sixties

• Blues rock

• Pop rock

• Folk rock

• Psychedelic rock

Trends

• Mr. Dressup
  • 1967
  • Puppeteer Ernie McCooms
  • 4 year old Casey and his dog Finnigan
  • Crafts, drawing, stories, tickle trunk
  • Aired every weekday morning
  • 4000 episodes
  • Received order of canada
  • Canadian television hero
• Sesame Street
  • 1967
  • American 
• Cookie Monster
• Lots of Puppets in the 60s

Global Village

• TV and media changed the world
• UOFT professor Marshall McLauhan
• “The way technology would bring people together would systematically changed the course of society”

Literature

• Massive evolution
• More globally aware
• Culture awareness
• What was happening politically and socially around the world
• Controversial books
  • To Kill a Mockingbird
  • Where The Wild Things Are

Top 10 TV Shows of the 1960s

• Lots of sci-fi shows (bc of space race)
• Comedies and sitcoms 30 mins
• One hour drama
• Entertainment shows (singing and dancing)

Art

• More simplistic
• Influence and inspire its viewers
• Non conformist
• Colourful
• Loud
• Challenge societal expectations
• Go into the unknown and to look and feel the art
• Alexander Calder: mobiles and sculptures
• Helen Frenkenthaler: non representational art
• Andy Warhol: leading artist

Canadian Artists

• Neil Young
• Born in 1945
• Launched his music career in the 60s
• Buffalo Springfield in 1969
• Canadian Music Hall of Fame
• Canadian Walk of Fame
• Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

Sports

• Kentucky derby
• Most famous horse race in the world
• Run the first sat in may
• May 2nd 1964
• First canadian horse to win

The original six hockey teams

• Montreal Canadiens
• Toronto Maple Leaves
• Boston Bruins
• Chicago Blackhawks
• Detroit Red Wings
• New Tork Rangers

The New Six

• LA Kings
• Pittsburgh Penguins
• St. Louis Blues
• California Seals
• Minnesota North Stars

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In 1967, Canadians travelled to the olympics and won award for skiing \n

Movies

• Drama
• Westerns
• Action

Social Changes

• Universal Health Care
• 1962
• Tommy leader of the CCF
• Universal health care to saskatchewan
• Applies universally in Canada on July 1st 1968

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Medicare - 1966

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Greatest Canadian Tommy Douglas \n

Canadian Bill of Rights

• Diefenbaker believed that Canada’s internment of Japanese was disgraceful
• Felt that a bill of rights would prevent such an event from re-occurring

International Issues - Equality )Concept)

• Apartheid was a system of institutionalized racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa from 1948 until the early….

Canadian Pension Plan

• 1965
• Creates the CPP response to the growing poverty in retired Canadians.
• Gives back 25 of the workers earnings
• 2016: averaged around $7700

The Pill- 1961

• Contraception was illegal up to 1969 in Canada
• Start of the women’s movement and secual revolution
• What would change
• Some argue it was a decline in social morality
• Very successful
• 1961-1969 : was illegal
• Had the right to control economical well being
  • Had the right to a bank account or credit card
• Had the right to employment
  • Werent equal under the law
  • Werent earning the same
• Women didn't have control over her reproductiveness
• 1969, legal contraceptives legal for all women
• Enabled women to go to university

Young Offenders Act

• Under 14, treated differently than if u were older
• Case in 1967
• Steven truscott was wrongly convicted of killing his 12 year old school,ate Lynne Harper
• 50 years in jail before released

Legalizations:

1969 (criminal code):

• Homosexuality
• Abortion
  • only legal if the women's health was in danger
• Jumpstarted womens right and lgbtq movements

1969: Birth Control

• Start of the women’s movement and the sexual revolution
• Argument against: it would decline the women’s social morality

Introduction of LGBTQ2 - Equality RIghts

• Homosecuality was illegal up to 1969 in the Criminal Code of Canada
• Abortion is also legalized in the same bill in 1969 if the women’s health is in danger

Auto Pact

• In the early 60s, the Canadian auto industry was failing limited market high tariffs in the imported parts

1965: the Auto Pact was created

• Relationship between Canada and the US to remove tariffs

Significance?

• Displayed key elements of free trade and protectionism
• Key role in the creation of the Free Trade Agreement with the US
• Saved the Canadian auto industry

A Couple of Significances

• Key elements of both free trade

Politics

• John G. Diefenbaker

• Conservative Party

• 1957-1963

• Cut taxes

• Increased pensions

• Built railways, roads and schools

• Introduced Canada’s first bill of RIghts

• He also valued diversity

• Appointed the first women to cabinet

• Appointed the first aboriginal to senate

Avro-ARrow

• St. Laurent, research was put into developing a fighter jet that could protect Canada from a Soviet Attack
• This culminated in the Avro-Arrow, the most technically advanced jet of its kind
• However, it was very costly, approximately $8 million per plane, which was 10x the cost of an American Starfighter
• Canadian made orenda endive made for the Arrow was scrapped for a US made engine which led many to believe the US was influencing the project )they were not)
• The program all together was costing over 
• Many went to the United States to work for Boeing
• Most believe it was the right decision, but poorly executed as the public the avro arrow
• It also 
  • Diefenbaker - disappointments
  • Economic recession
  • Diefenbaker fixed the dollar at 92.5 cents
  • Made exports cheaper and imports more expensive
• Diefenbaker- the cuban missile crisis
• Soviets build missile sites in cuba so they could launch a nuclear attack against the US
• Kennedy demanded Khrushchev turn back the ships that were on their way to deliver the missiles
• US formed a naval blockade around cuba
• Threatened to take military action if Khrushchev didn’t comply
• For 5 days, Khrushchev refused to call back his ships. The world stood on the brink of nuclear war
• Kennedy requested Canada immediately put its military on alert
• Diefenbaker delayed for 2 days
• Angry that kennedy had not consulted him first
• Feared that being on military alert might heighten tension with the USSR
• Demonstrate an act of independence from US foreign policy
• Crisis ended 

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