HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

ANTECEDENTS - precursor to the unfolding or existence of something. “factors that paved the way for the presence of advanced and sophisticated scientific and technological innovations today.” - Quinto, et al (2019)

ANCIENT PERIOD (3,500 BC-100 BC) - allowed civilizations to flourish by finding better ways of communiAs the population grew, the Modern Age prioritized improving transportation, communication, and production efficiency. However, industrialization brought increased risks to human health, food safety, and the environment, which needed addressing as scientific and technological progress accelerated rapidly.cation, transportation, self-organization, and of living in general

POTTER'S WHEEL - a heavy flat disk made of hardened day which was spun horizontally on an axis

PAPER - comes from papyrus. Papyrus is made from the pith of the papyrus plant cyperus papyrus, it is lightweight, strong, durable, and most importantly, portable

SHADOOF - (also spelled as shaduf) is a hand operated device used for lifting water

ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM - it was discovered in 1902 and used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses for calendar and astrological purposes.

ANCIENT PERIOD (3600 BC - 500 AD) - considered to be the longest period of history.

AEOLIPILE - steam turbine invented in the 1st century by Heron of Alexandria and described in his Pneumatica. aeolipile was a hollow sphere mounted so that it could turn on a pair of hollow tubes that provided steam to the sphere from a cauldron.

Medieval Period (5th century AD to 15th century AD) - known as the Middle Ages

Successful development

  • Steady increase of new inventions.

  • Introduction of innovation in traditional production.

  • Emergence of scientific thinking and method take place.

Important Technologies

  1. Heavy Plough - was invented to make it possible to harness clay soil

  2. Gunpowder - Chinese alchemists accidentally invented black powder or gunpowder

  3. Paper Money - The first known versions of the concept of money can be traced back to early 7th century in China.

  4. Mechanical Clock - It was not until Middle ages that clockwork technology was developed for accurately keeping the track of time.

  5. Spinning wheel - A machine used for transforming fiber into thread or yarn and eventually woven into cloth on a loom.

  6. Eyeglasses - It was only in the last decade of the 13th century that the earliest eyeglasses were invented.

  7. Printing Press - The Printing press was a new mode of printing texts and books which was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the first half of the 15th century

  8. Compass - Navigation in the sea was critically important for longer sea voyages and it was only in the 13th century that the invention of a compass made sea navigation easy for sailors

MODERN AGES (1590-1929) -