Tissues

Differentiating Tissues requires you to assess the following:

Cell Spacing
Cell Shape
Cell Layering

Epithelial:

Absorption
It makes up major tissue
On Free Surfaces
No Space
Protein
Readily Divides

Squamous

Fried Egg (Top/Side)

CubiItal

About as tall as it is wide

Columbar

Calumn-like
Taller than is wide

Simple Squamous

Air sacs of lungs
Walls of capillaries
The lining of blood/Lymph vessels

Simple Cubital

“Rings”
Surface of ovaries
Lining of kidneys
The lining of ducts of certain glands

Simple Columbar

Lining of Uterus
Lining of stomach
Lining of intestine

Psedostratisfied

The lining of respiratory passages
Chilia Swipe Away Stuff
Goblet cells release mucus

Stratified Squamous

Many layers of cells
Flattened towards the free surface of tissue
Dark at bottom
lighter at top
Protection
The outer layer of the Skin
The lining of the Oral Cavity
The lining of Throat, Vagina, and Anal Cavity

Stratified Cuboidal

The lining of large ducts of mammary glands
Sweat glands
Salivary Glands
Pancreas

Stratified Columbar

Vas Deferens
Parts of the male urethra
Parts of Plarynx

Transitional Epithelium

Distention
- expansion on being filled with fluid, leading to an increase in volume
Inner Lining of the Urinary bladder and linings of part of the urethra
Are they flattening?
- If not, then Transitional

Glands from the Exocrine System:

Merocrine
- Most Common
- Release Watery Fluids
- Sweat
- Saliva
- Pancreatic Glands
- Don’t lose any of themselves
- Release out of themself
Apocrine
- Will lose part of themselves
- Take part of the cell body and break it off into the gland itself
- external ear canal
Holocrine
- Disintegrating cell
- Use whole cell
- Constantly dividing
- Sebaceous glands
  - Produce Cbum
    - Hair on skin

Significance for Connective Tissue

3 main components to connective Tissue
- Far more spread out
- don’t use cells to identify it
  - Look in between
- Extracellular matrix
- Binding and Supporting
- Protecting
- Energy Fuel
- Insulating
- Strong reserve fuel
- Transporting Substances within the body
Fibroblast
- Produce Fibers
- Black/Dark Purple Spots
Macrophages
- clear foreign particles from tissues
Mast Cells
- Release heparin and histamine
Collagen
- You will see in tendons
- White
- Resists Pull
- Thicker, but more transparent
Elastic Fibers
- Thin black lines
Reticular
- Thin Collagen Fibers
  - doesn’t have resistance to pull
Weak but can stretch and come back to normal shape

Loose Connective Tissue

Areolar
Binds organs together and holds tissue fluids in place
Location:
- Beneath Skin
- Between Muscles
- Beneath Epithelial Tissue
  - Basement membrane (Connects)

Dense Connective Tissue

2 Types
- Dense Regular
  - the fibers are layered in 1 direction
- Dense Irregular
  - Fibers are all over the place
Collagen Fibers
Binding
Location
- Tendons
  - Tough band of fibrous connective tissue
  - connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension
  - Function
    - to move our skeletal system, to move our bodies!
- Ligaments
  - Fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones.
    - AKA "articular ligaments", "fibrous ligaments", or "true ligaments"
  - They are found between bones
  - they hold the skeletal system together
  - Bone to Bone
- Depper Skin Layers

Adipose Tissue

Look for bubbles and dark patches in between membranes
- that’s the nuclei
IT IS NOT SIMPLE SQUAMOUS OR TRANSITIONAL

Cartilage

3 types
- Hyaline Cartilage
  - Lacuna
    - Little Best Friend
  - Chondrocyte
    - Little Pocket
  - Matrix
    - Looks almost solid
  - Function
    - Supports
    - Protects
    - Provides framework
  - Location
    - Nose
    - Ends of Bones
    - Rings in the walls of respiratory passages
- Elastic Cartilage
  - Sharp Cell Boundaries
  - In Lacuna
    - Little Pockets
  - More Visibal Fibers
  - See different coloring
  - Location
    - Larynx
    - The frame of External Ear
  - Function
    - Support
    - Flexible
    - Protects
- Fibrocartilage
  - Has Cells in little pockets in a line
  - Parallel with each other
  - You can see dense fibers
  - Often times gets confused with dense regular
  - Function
    - Supports
    - Protects
    - Absorbs Shock
  - Location
    - Between Bony Parts of Spinal Column
    - Parts of the pelvic girdle
Sharp Cell Boundaries
- Little pockets
Dense connective
Not a Fuzzy Edge, Clean Cut

Bone

Circles
- Naturally an incredibly strong shape
Haversain System
Dots are cells (Osteocytes)
Has to be really strong
Has to be responsive
Dense MIneral Matrix
Connected by tubes
Runs blood through and nerves
“telescope into a larger one”
Function
- Suports
- Protects
- Provides Framework
Location
- Bones of Skeleton

Blood

Function
- Transports substances
- Helps maintain the stable internal environment
Location
- Throughout the body within a closed system of blood vessels and heart chambers
Red Blood Cell
White Blood Cell
- Lymphocyte
- Neutrophil
- Eosinophil
Plasma

Muscle Tissue

Skeletal

Striated
- perpendicular lines
- Voluntary
Big Cylinders
Glucose is stored in cells
Dark Disks
- Cell Nuclei
- More than one nucleus per cell
Function
- Moves skeleton voluntarily
Location
- Muscles attached to bones

Smooth

Lacks Striation
- Involuntary
Looks Smeared
Funtion
- Involentary movements if internal organs
Location
- Walls of hollow internal organs

Cardiac

Striation
- Involuntary
Cardiac Muscle Cell
Nuclei
Intercalated Discs
Funtion
- Heart Movement
Location
- Heart Muscle
- Striated & Interclated Disks

Nervous Tissue

anything spreading out
- Wires coming out of it
Function
- Sensory Reception and conduction of nerve-impulsive
Location
- Brain, Spinal Chord, Peripheral nerves
Can’t get more
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