English - First Prelim

Greece
• Also known as Hellenic Republic
• Athens is the capital
• North: Albania, Bulgaria, Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; East: Turkey; South: Aegean sea and Mediterranean sea; West: Ionian sea
• Surrounded by coastlines and sea
• Has 1400 island; Biggest islands are Crete and Evia
• Language: Greek and English
• Religion: 98% Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Jewish, and Muslim
• Summer(Hot and dry), winter(Wet and cold), spring(Warm but not too hot), fall(Warm but not too hot)

Festivals
• Gynaikratia - Switches the roles of men and women; occurs on January 8th
• Greek Carnival - People dress up in fancy costumes and feasts, parades, and dances; occurs for 3 weeks from February to March
• Easter - Most significant festival and there are candlelit processions through the streets, more feasting, and fireworks
• Summer Festival/Hellenic Festival - Occurs from mid-June to late-September; there are concerts, modern Greek music styles, traditions, as well as drama performances

Art and Literature
• Four major forms - Architecture, Poetry, Painting, Sculpture
• There is no sculpture to compare to theirs
• No epic poet to compare with Homer, no lyric poet to equal Pindar

Three Tragic Poets:
• Aeschylus - The father of tragedy; known for Prometheus Bond
• Sophocles - Known for Oedipus rex
• Euripides - Known for Medea

Greek Qualities:
• Permanence and Universality - is as alive today as it was when it was written more than 3000 years ago; read and admired by all
• Essentially Full of Artistry - product of people who purposely and continuously developed their physical and intellectual powers
• Originality - they don't just adopt it, they also improve it
• Diversity of talent - mind never rested complacently on any one subject; it was ever searching, ever seeking
• Intellectual Quality - Greek mind challenged one to think for some purpose

Textual Aids:
• Title - to know the context of the book
• Bold and Italic - to emphasize words & to easily understand keypoints
• Concept/Hierarchical Map - putting things into smaller chunks to understand the relationships between characters
• Flow/Sequence Chart - shows the flow of story
• Venn Diagram - used to compare and contrast
• Timeline Events - shows the dates of the flow of the story
• Cause-Effect Diagram - shows cause and effect and sometimes there are one cause but many effects and vice versa
• Diagram - uses pictures and cycles
• Storyboard - summary of the story and has pictures

Formal Definition - structed in a logical concise pattern so that the information can be provided without unnecessary words
Includes the following:
• The term (word or phrase) to defined

• The class of object or concept

• The differentiating characteristics
ex.
Crystal(term) - is a quartz (class) that is transparent or nearly so and that is either colorless or only slighted tinged (differentiating characteristics)

Informal Definition - Explaining something using casual language, personal experiences, or relatable examples, rather than strict rules or formal definitions
ex.
Dog - a man’s bestfriend

Features of Persuasion Text
Persuasion - an act or process of convincing another person to do something in your favor

You will recognize persuasive texts with these features:
Use of repeated words

• use of capital letters

• use of exclamation points 

• asking rhetorical questions

• a touch of humor
ex.
SALE! Grab the SPECIAL OFFER today! Would you want to miss this special offer? CALL NOW! 

other writers make use of other features:
• Alliteration - repetition of consonant sounds
• Metaphor - describing of two unlike things
• Language affect - use of word s that convey distinct emotion
• Parallelism - use of similar words, phrases, or clauses next to each other
• Contrast - pointing out the difference between two things