Chapter 2 Notes: Acids and Bases; Functional Groups

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

• Carboxylic acids can be converted to derivatives such as acid chlorides, esters, and amides.

• Each derivative contains a carbonyl group bonded to an oxygen or another electron-withdrawing element.

Compounds Containing Nitrogen

• Amines: alkylated derivatives of ammonia.

• Amides: carboxylic acid derivatives where nitrogen is attached to the carbonyl carbon.

• Nitriles: contain the cyano group (–C≡N).

Amines

• Amines are alkylated derivatives of ammonia.

Amides

• Amides are derivatives formed from a carboxylic acid and ammonia or an amine.

Nitriles

• Nitriles contain the cyano group (–C\equiv N).