ch 8

Hands On vs. Hands Off Instruction

  • Hands On:
      - Direct instruction with verbal guidance, demonstrations, and feedback.
      - Prescriptive approach.

  • Hands Off:
      - Focuses on manipulation of constraints for exploration.
      - Encourages movement discovery.

Manual Guidance

  • Practitioners or devices assist learners through movements.

  • Not ideal for skill acquisition due to passive engagement.

Learner Preparation

  • Capture full attention before skill introduction.

  • Stimulate interest in the skill being taught.

Undivided Attention

  • Ensure the learning environment is distraction-free.

  • Clear visibility and audibility for learners.

Verbal Instructions

  • Requires thorough knowledge and clear communication.

  • Consider task instructions, clarity, internal vs. external focus, and learning styles.

Focus: Internal vs. External

  • Internal Focus: Concentrates on body movements; can hinder skill acquisition.

  • External Focus: Concentrates on impact of actions; generally more effective.

Effective Verbal Cues

  • Be concise, accurate, limit the number, and use consistently.

Demonstrations

  • Preferred method for teaching; enhances observational learning.

Mirror Neurons

  • Activate during performance and observation of actions, facilitating learning.

Theories of Observational Learning

  • Include social cognitive theory and dynamic modeling interpretation, both enhancing self-efficacy.

Designing Demonstrations

  • Consider what, who, when, and how often to demonstrate.

Types of Demonstrations

  • Coordination vs. Control: Whole vs. partial demonstrations.

  • Real time vs. slow motion presentations.

Model Characteristics

  • Expert Model: High skill proficiency and status; encourages passive engagement.

  • Learning Model: Slightly above observer's skill; encourages active engagement and exploration.

Mechanics of Demonstration

  • Ensure visibility and clarity during demonstrations.

  • Organize learners effectively.

Frequency of Demonstrations

  • Demonstrate multiple times before and throughout practice.

Hands Off Instruction Techniques

  • Promote learning through guided discovery and self-exploration.

  • Manipulations of tasks and constraints for effective learning.

Guided Discovery

  • Leads learners to concepts via questions with specific answers; aids in technique understanding.

Upcoming Assignments

  • Lab 7 and Quiz #8 outlined for completion.

  • Chapter 9 next week.