Theo midterm

1. Divine Revelation: God's self-disclosure to humanity, primarily through scripture, prophets, and events in history.

2. Narrative: The biblical story of God's dealings with humanity, focusing on covenant, sin, judgment, and redemption.

3. Genealogy: The recorded family lines that trace the descendants of key biblical figures, often signifying God's covenant promises.

4. The Law: The commandments, regulations, and instructions given by God, particularly in the Pentateuch (Genesis–Deuteronomy).

5. Poetry Literature: Biblical texts, especially in Psalms and Song of Solomon, written in verse to express worship, lament, and wisdom.

6. Wisdom Literature: Writings like Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Job, offering reflections on life, human behavior, and God's wisdom.

7. Prophetic Literature: Books like Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, containing messages from prophets about God's judgment, mercy, and future hope.

8. Myth: In biblical studies, stories that convey theological truths through symbolic language, such as the Creation or Flood narratives.

9. Sin: The human condition of rebellion against God’s will, marked by disobedience and moral failure.

10. Yahwist Source (J Source): A proposed source for parts of the Pentateuch, characterized by a vivid, anthropomorphic view of God.

11. Elohist Source (E Source): A proposed source for the Pentateuch emphasizing the term "Elohim" for God, with a focus on morality and prophecy.

12. Deuteronomic Source (D Source): A source associated with the book of Deuteronomy, focusing on covenant faithfulness, laws, and worship.

13. Priestly Source (P Source): A source emphasizing rituals, genealogies, and the holiness of God, found primarily in Leviticus and parts of Genesis.

14. Cycle of Sin: A recurring pattern in the Bible where Israel sins, faces judgment, repents, and is restored by God.

15. Pentateuch: The first five books of the Bible (Genesis–Deuteronomy), foundational for Jewish law and history.

16. Centralized Leadership: A system of governance where authority and worship are concentrated in one location or person, like in Jerusalem under David and Solomon.

17. Decentralized Leadership: A system where leadership is spread across various tribes or regions, often seen in the period of the Judges.

18. Adam and Eve: The first humans created by God in the Garden of Eden, whose disobedience brought sin into the world.

19. Cain and Abel: The sons of Adam and Eve, with Cain committing the first murder by killing his brother Abel out of jealousy.

20. Noah: A righteous man chosen by God to survive the flood that wiped out humanity due to widespread sin.

21. Babel: The site where humanity, seeking to build a tower to heaven, was scattered by God with different languages to prevent their unity.

22. Abraham (Abram): The patriarch of Israel, who received God's covenant promise of land, descendants, and blessing.

23. Sarah (Sarai): Abraham's wife, who bore Isaac after initially being barren, fulfilling God's promise.

24. Hagar: Sarah’s maidservant, who bore Abraham's first son, Ishmael, when Sarah couldn't have children.

25. Isaac: The son of Abraham and Sarah, through whom God's covenant promise continued.

26. Ishmael: The son of Abraham and Hagar, considered the ancestor of many Arab nations.

27. Jacob (Israel): The son of Isaac, whose twelve sons became the ancestors of the twelve tribes of Israel.

28. Esau: Jacob's twin brother, who sold his birthright to Jacob for a bowl of stew.

29. Joseph: Jacob's favored son, who was sold into slavery by his brothers and later rose to power in Egypt.

30. Pharaoh: The king of Egypt, often depicted as an antagonist in the biblical narrative, especially in the story of Moses.

31. Canaan: The land promised by God to Abraham’s descendants, later known as the land of Israel.

32. Covenant: A sacred agreement between God and His people, promising blessing for obedience and judgment for disobedience.

33. Contract: A formal agreement, similar to a covenant, that involves mutual obligations, though with less emphasis on divine promise.

34. Circumcision: A physical sign of the covenant between God and Abraham's descendants, marking them as God's people.

35. Egypt: A powerful ancient civilization often depicted as an oppressor of Israel, notably during the period of slavery and the Exodus.

36. Tribe: A social group within ancient Israel, typically descended from one of the twelve sons of Jacob.

37. Nation: A collective group of people united by common identity, culture, and land, such as Israel as the "nation" of God's people.

38. Nomad: A member of a people group, like the Israelites, who move from place to place, typically in search of food and water.

39. Hammurabi: An ancient Babylonian king who is known for his law code, which shares some similarities with biblical law codes.

40. Marginalized: Groups or individuals who are socially, politically, or economically excluded or oppressed, a theme in biblical justice.

41. Famine: A severe shortage of food, often seen in the Bible as a form of divine judgment or a test of faith.

42. Charity: The act of giving to the poor or needy, a key biblical virtue associated with loving one's neighbor.

43. Justice: The biblical principle of fairness and righteousness, often linked to God's character and His laws.

44. Patriarch: A male leader or father figure of a family or tribe, like Abraham, Isaac, or Jacob.

45. Redemption: The act of God rescuing His people from sin, oppression, or slavery, especially through Christ in the New Testament.

46. The Numbers 7, 12, and 40: Significant numbers in the Bible symbolizing completeness (7), the twelve tribes of Israel (12), and periods of testing or transition (40).

47. Joseph (in Egypt): Jacob’s son, who became a powerful leader in Egypt, saving his family during a time of famine.

48. Moses: The leader chosen by God to deliver Israel from Egyptian slavery and to receive the Law on Mount Sinai.

49. I AM: God's self-revelation to Moses in the burning bush (Exodus 3), expressing His eternal, self-sufficient nature.

50. Yahweh (YHWH): The personal name of God revealed to Israel, often translated as "LORD" in English Bibles.

51. Aaron: Moses' brother, who served as the first high priest of Israel and assisted in leading the people.

52. Pharaoh (in Exodus): The ruler of Egypt who resisted God’s commands to free the Israelites, resulting in the plagues.

53. Plague(s): The ten calamities that God sent upon Egypt to persuade Pharaoh to release the Israelites.

54. Passover: The annual Jewish celebration of God sparing the Israelites from the final plague in Egypt by passing over their homes marked with lamb's blood.

55. Decalogue: Another term for the Ten Commandments, God's foundational moral laws given to Moses.

56. Sabbath: A weekly day of rest and worship, commanded by God as part of the covenant with Israel.

57. Case Laws: Specific laws dealing with particular situations, often detailed in the Mosaic Law.

58. Apodictic Laws: Absolute laws or commands, like the Ten Commandments, given without conditions.

59. Hammurabi's Code: An ancient Babylonian law code that influenced the development of biblical laws.

60. Idolatry: The worship of false gods or idols, condemned throughout the Bible as a violation of God's exclusive sovereignty.

61. Baal: A Canaanite god worshiped by some Israelites, often seen as a symbol of apostasy and idolatry.

62. Astarte: A Canaanite goddess often associated with fertility and worshiped by some Israelites, considered a form of idolatry.

63. Atonement: The process of making reparations for sin, often through sacrifices, leading to reconciliation with God.

64. Joshua: The leader who succeeded Moses and led Israel into the Promised Land.

65. Rahab: A Canaanite woman who hid Israelite spies in Jericho and became an ancestor of Jesus.

66. The Ban: The biblical command to destroy completely the inhabitants of certain cities, like Jericho, during Israel's conquest.

67. The Ark of the Covenant: A sacred chest containing the tablets of the Law, symbolizing God's presence among His people.

68. Jericho: The first city conquered by the Israelites in the Promised Land, famous for the fall of its walls after Israel's march.

69. Judges: Leaders raised by God to deliver Israel from oppression, including figures like Deborah, Gideon, and Samson.

70. Ehud: A judge known for delivering Israel by assassinating the Moabite king Eglon.

71. Deborah

: A prophetess and judge who led Israel to victory over the Canaanites.

72. Ruth: A Moabite woman who became the great-grandmother of King David, exemplifying loyalty and faith.

73. Naomi: Ruth's mother-in-law, who returned to Bethlehem after the death of her husband and sons.

74. Boaz: A wealthy relative of Naomi, who married Ruth and ensured her protection and provision.

75. Obed: The son of Ruth and Boaz, and the grandfather of King David.

76. Samuel: The prophet who anointed both Saul and David as kings of Israel.

77. Saul: The first king of Israel, whose reign ended in failure due to disobedience to God.

78. David: The second and greatest king of Israel, known for his heart after God and for establishing Jerusalem as the capital.

79. Jerusalem: The capital city of Israel, chosen by God as the center of worship and His presence.

80. Bethlehem: The birthplace of David and later, Jesus, symbolizing God's choice of the humble and lowly.

81. Isaiah: A major prophet who foretold both judgment and the coming of a Messiah who would save Israel.

82. Amos: A prophet of social justice, denouncing Israel’s corruption and oppression of the poor.

83. Hosea: A prophet who symbolized God’s love for unfaithful Israel through his troubled marriage to Gomer.

84. “Servant”: A term in Isaiah (especially in the "Suffering Servant" passages) referring to a figure who will suffer for the sins of others.

85. Elijah: A prophet who confronted idolatry in Israel, particularly against the worship of Baal.

86. Prophet: A spokesperson for God, delivering messages of judgment, hope, and future restoration.

87. Solomon: The son of David, known for his wisdom, wealth, and building of the temple in Jerusalem.

88. Judah: One of the twelve tribes of Israel, later forming the southern kingdom after the split of Israel.