Break and Continue

BREAK KEYWORD

Definition

• The break keyword is used to terminate the execution of a loop prematurely.

• When break is encountered inside a loop (for, while, or do-while), it immediately exits the loop.

Syntax

• Basic syntax of break in a loop:

  for (initialization; condition; increment) {
    // Loop body
    if (someCondition) {
      break; // Terminate the loop if the condition is met
    }
  }

Example Code

• Example using break in a for loop:

  public class BreakExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
        System.out.println(i);
        if (i == 3) {
          System.out.println("Breaking the loop at i = 3");
          break;
        }
      }
    }
  }

OUTPUT

1. To display numbers 1 to 5.

2. Termination when i equals 3:

   • Output:

     • Breaking the loop at i = 3

     • Process finished with exit code 0

SQUARE CALCULATION USING BREAK

Without Break Example Code

• Code to print squares of numbers from 1 to 5:

  public class SquareCalc {
    public void printSquared() {
      int number = 1;
      while (number <= 5) {
        int square = number * number;
        System.out.println("Square of " + number + ":" + square);
        number++;
      }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      SquareCalc sq = new SquareCalc();
      sq.printSquared();
    }
  }

OUTPUT

• Square of 1: 1

• Square of 2: 4

• Square of 3: 9

• Square of 4: 16

• Square of 5: 25

• Process finished with exit code 0

With Break Example Code

• Modified code to use break:

  public class SquareCalc {
    public void printSquared() {
      int number = 1;
      while (number <= 5) {
        int square = number * number;
        System.out.println("Square of " + number + ":" + square);
        if (number == 3) {
          System.out.println("Breaking the Loop at number = 3");
          break;
        }
        number++;
      }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      SquareCalc sq = new SquareCalc();
      sq.printSquared();
    }
  }

OUTPUT

• Square of 1: 1

• Square of 2: 4

• Square of 3: 9

• Breaking the Loop at number = 3

• Process finished with exit code 0

CONTINUE KEYWORD

Definition

• The continue keyword is used to skip the rest of the code inside a loop for the current iteration and move on to the next iteration.

Example Code

• Example using continue in a for loop:

  public class ContinueExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
        if (i == 3) {
          System.out.println("Skipping iteration at i = 3");
          continue;
        }
        System.out.println(i);
      }
    }
  }

OUTPUT

1. Displaying numbers skipping i = 3:

   • Output:

     • 1

     • 2

     • Skipping iteration at i = 3

     • 4

     • 5

     • Process finished with exit code 0

Square Calculation with Continue

• Code example using continue in square calculation:

  public class SquareCalc {
    public void printSquared() {
      int number = 1;
      while (number <= 5) {
        if (number == 3) {
          System.out.println("Skipping iteration at number = 3");
          number++;
          continue;
        }
        int square = number * number;
        System.out.println("Square of " + number + ": " + square);
        number++;
      }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      SquareCalc sq = new SquareCalc();
      sq.printSquared();
    }
  }

OUTPUT

• Square of 1: 1

• Square of 2: 4

• Skipping iteration at number = 3

• Square of 4: 16

• Square of 5: 25

• Process finished with exit code 0