Untitled Flashcards Set

I. American Colonial to Post-War Architects

1. Andres Luna de San Pedro

  • Son of Juan Luna

  • Chief Architect of Manila (1920–1924)

  • Notable Works:

    • Luis Pérez Samanillo Building (1928, Escolta) – Now First United Building

    • Regina Building – Escolta, Pasig River area

    • Crystal Arcade – Escolta; inspired by Paxton’s Crystal Palace

    • Legarda Elementary School

    • St. Cecilia’s Hall

2. Pablo Antonio

  • Born: 1901, Binondo, Manila

  • National Artist for Architecture (1976)

  • Advocated for austere and stable design

  • Notable Works:

    • White Cross Orphanage – Also called Quezon Preventorium

    • Far Eastern University Complex – Awarded by UNESCO (Asia-Pacific Cultural Heritage)

      • Noted as the most complete Art Deco ensemble in Manila

    • Capitan Luis Gonzaga Building (1953) – Post-war modernism; double sunshades

    • Manila Polo Club (1950) – Located on a small hill

3. Fernando Ocampo, Sr.

  • Education: Ateneo, UST (Civil Engg, 1919), University of Pennsylvania (BS Arch.)

  • Bureau of Public Works (Asst. Architect)

  • Notable Works:

    • UST Central Seminary (1933) – Art Deco

    • Lopez Boat House – La Paz, Iloilo

    • Admiral Apartments (1938–1939) – Tallest bldg. on Roxas Blvd at the time

    • North & South Syquia Apartments – M.H. del Pilar; high ceilings, sea-facing façades

4. Juan Nakpil

  • Son of Julio Nakpil & Gregoria de Jesus

  • Educated at Univ. of California, Kansas, and Harvard

  • National Artist for Architecture (1973)

  • Notable Works:

    • Captain Pepe Building

    • Ledesma Boat House (1936, Iloilo) – 3-story cement with overhanging canopy bands

    • Quezon Institute – TB Sanatorium, formerly Santos Sanatorium

    • Gonzalez Hall – UP Diliman Main Library, located at Academic Oval

    • Quezon Hall – Home of the Oblation; inspired by Eliel Saarinen’s Cranbrook Museum

    • Rizal Theater (1961) – Makati Ave.; once air-conditioned cinema; demolished 1989

II. Historical Context & Themes

Wartime & Post-War Philippines

  • December 8, 1941 – Japanese Invasion

  • Manila – Second most devastated city after Warsaw

  • President Manuel Quezon (1942):

    "America writhes in anguish at the fate of a distant cousin, Europe, while a daughter, the Philippines is being raped in the backrooms."

Cultural Identity & Artistic Shifts

  • Questions on Filipino Identity in Art & Architecture:

    • “What makes Filipino art Filipino?”

  • Competitions by Art Association of the Philippines

  • Role of Philippine Art Gallery

  • Influences: Art Nouveau, International Style, Bauhaus

III. Third Generation of Architects (Post-War Modernists)

Antonin Raymond

  • Czech-American architect

  • Chapel of the Angry Christ – Victorias, Negros Occidental

    • For Victorias Milling Company

Key Figures

Frederico Ilustre

  • Mapúa Institute of Technology

  • Bureau of Public Works

Felipe Mendoza

  • Mapúa Institute of Technology

  • Architect, planner, writer, educator

  • Partnered early with Gabino de Leon

César Concio

  • Mapúa and Harvard

  • First University Architect of UP

  • Dean of UP Architecture; Dean Emeritus at Mapúa

Otilio Arellano

  • Son of Arcadio Arellano

  • Mapúa graduate

  • Modernist with Filipino symbolisms

Angel Nakpil

  • UST Architecture; Harvard

  • Influenced by Walter Gropius & Bauhaus

  • Manila City Planning Commissioner (1947–1949)

  • Dean, UST Architecture (1959–1963)

Jose Maria Zaragoza

  • UST Architecture (1936); diploma in planning (Netherlands)

  • Inspired by Spanish Colonial forms

Gabriel Formoso

  • UST Architecture (1937)

  • Strong, masculine, masonry-heavy forms

  • Manila City Planning Committee (1963)

Carlos Arguelles

  • Son of Tomas Arguelles

  • UST (1940), MIT (1946)

  • Dean of UST Architecture (1953–1959)

Alfredo Luz

  • Mapúa and University of California, Berkeley (1949)

  • Mentor to APDA Architects

Cresenciano C. De Castro

  • UST (1950), Cornell

Froilan Hong

  • Notable for Manila Film Center, CCP Complex

  • Research in Sustainability Design

Jorge Ramos

  • UST Architecture

  • Known for Neo-vernacular design and symbolism

Francisco “Bobby” Mañosa

  • UST Architecture

  • Founder: Mañosa and Sons

  • Known for Bahay Kubo-inspired Filipino Architecture

Ildefonso P. Santos

  • UST (1954), University of Southern California

  • Pioneer of Landscape Architecture in the Philippines

APDA Architects

  • Architectural group mentored by Alfredo Luz