endocrine gland

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Front: Thyroid

* What hormones does the thyroid gland produce?

* What are the functions of these hormones?

Back: Thyroid

* Thyroxine (T4) & Triiodothyronine (T3): Increase metabolism in body cells.

* Calcitonin: Decreases blood calcium.

Front: Parathyroids

* What hormone does the parathyroid gland produce?

* What is its function?

Back: Parathyroids

* Parathyroid hormone: Increases blood calcium.

Front: Adrenals (Cortex)

* What hormones does the adrenal cortex produce?

* What are their functions?

Back: Adrenals (Cortex)

* Cortisol (Glucocorticoid): Increases blood sugar.

* Aldosterone (Mineralocorticoid): Increases reabsorption of sodium.

* Androgens & Estrogens (Sex Hormones): Influence secondary sex characteristics.

Front: Adrenals (Medulla)

* What hormones does the adrenal medulla produce?

* What are their functions?

Back: Adrenals (Medulla)

* Epinephrine (Adrenaline) & Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline): Both are sympathomimetic, meaning they mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system (e.g., fight-or-flight response).

Front: Pancreas (Islet cells)

* What hormones do the islet cells of the pancreas produce?

* What are their functions?

Back: Pancreas (Islet cells)

* Insulin: Decreases blood sugar by promoting the conversion of glucose to glycogen.

* Glucagon: Increases blood sugar by promoting the conversion of glycogen to glucose.

Front: Pituitary (Anterior lobe)

* What hormones does the anterior pituitary lobe produce?

* What are their functions?

Back: Pituitary (Anterior lobe)

* Growth hormone (GH) (Somatotropin): Increases bone and tissue growth.

* Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Stimulates the thyroid gland and thyroxine secretion.

* Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): Stimulates the adrenal cortex, especially cortisol secretion.

* Gonadotropins (FSH & LH): FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) promotes oogenesis and spermatogenesis; LH (Luteinizing hormone) promotes ovulation and testosterone secretion.

* Prolactin (PRL): Promotes the growth of breast tissue and milk secretion.

Front: Pituitary (Posterior lobe)

* What hormones does the posterior pituitary lobe produce?

* What are their functions?

Back: Pituitary (Posterior lobe)

* Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin): Stimulates the reabsorption of water by kidney tubules.

* Oxytocin: Stimulates the contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth.

Front: Ovaries

* What hormones do the ovaries produce?

* What are their functions?

Back: Ovaries

* Estrogens: Promote the development of ova and female secondary sex characteristics.

* Progesterone: Prepares and maintains the uterus during pregnancy.

Front: Testes

* What hormone do the testes produce?

* What is its function?

Back: Testes

* Testosterone: Promotes the development of sperm and male secondary sex characteristics.