Speech-Context-Speech-Style-and-Speech-Act

VARIOUS TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT

DEFINING CONTEXT

  • Context in speech communication refers to:

    • Surroundings

    • Circumstances

    • Environment

    • Background

    • Setting that determine, specify, or clarify meaning.

  • Definitions:

    • According to Lumen Learning: Context clarifies the meaning of events.

    • Devito (2005): Refers to the setting where communication occurs, influencing what is said and how.

SPEECH CONTEXT

  • Speech context involves oral/verbal communication in specific situations.

  • Importance of understanding environmental context:

    • Connects with the audience.

    • Facilitates effective delivery.

    • Helps communicate appropriately and understand messages.

TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT

1. INTRAPERSONAL

  • Definition: Communication centered on one individual.

    • Involves thinking, imagining, reflecting.

    • Role of the speaker: Both sender and receiver.

  • Example: A student reflects on receiving high scores for a project.

2. INTERPERSONAL

  • Definition: Communication between individuals, establishing relationships.

    • Highlights personal connections and individual qualities.

a. Dyad Communication

  • Definition: Interaction between two persons.

  • Example: Student gives feedback to a classmate's speech.

b. Small Group Communication

  • Definition: Interaction among 3 to 15 people sharing ideas freely.

  • Example: Class officers discussing classroom rules.

3. PUBLIC

  • Definition: Speaker delivers a message in front of a group.

    • Channels are exaggerated; requires increased voice volume, gestures, visual aids.

  • Example: A valedictorian giving a graduation speech.

4. MASS COMMUNICATION

  • Definition: Communication to a large, diverse audience via technology.

  • Example: A journalist sharing thoughts through a radio program.

TYPES OF SPEECHES

TYPES OF SPEECHES ACCORDING TO PURPOSE

  1. Informative or Expository Speech

    • Purpose: Educate the audience.

    • Example: Teacher's lecture.

  2. Persuasive Speech

    • Purpose: Convince the audience of a viewpoint.

    • Example: Lawyer's speech.

  3. Entertainment Speech

    • Purpose: Provide enjoyment and laughter.

    • Example: Comedian's performance.

TYPES OF SPEECHES ACCORDING TO DELIVERY

  1. Manuscript Speech

    • Description: Exact wording of a message using visual aids.

    • Example: News anchor using a teleprompter.

  2. Memorized Speech

    • Description: Rote recitation from memory.

    • Example: Actor's dialogue.

  3. Extemporaneous Speech

    • Description: Carefully planned and rehearsed, spoken conversationally with notes.

    • Example: Campaign speech.

  4. Impromptu Speech

    • Description: Short message presented without preparation.

    • Example: Doctor answering patient’s questions.

TYPES OF SPEECH STYLES

  • Speech style varies based on context, purpose, and delivery, characterized by formality.

TYPE OF SPEECH STYLES

  1. Intimate

    • Definition: Private communication among close individuals.

    • Example: Conversations between couples.

  2. Casual

    • Definition: Common language among peers; involves slang or vernacular.

    • Example: Classmates chatting.

  3. Consultative

    • Definition: Standard language in professional contexts.

    • Example: Teacher-student interactions.

  4. Formal

    • Definition: Adheres to formal procedures; one-way communication.

    • Example: Sermons, state addresses.

  5. Frozen

    • Definition: Fixed speech that remains unchanged.

    • Example: Preamble of constitutions, traditional ceremonies.

SPEECH ACTS

  • Definition: Utterances made to achieve an intended effect.

  • Types of speech acts include apologies, greetings, requests, etc.

THREE TYPES OF SPEECH ACTS (J.L. AUSTIN)

  1. Locutionary Act

    • Definition: Actual utterance of words.

    • Characteristics:

      • Clear meaning for both speaker and listener.

      • Creates shared meaning.

    • Examples: "Doh!", "Wow?", "Get out!"

  2. Illocutionary Act

    • Definition: The social function of what is said.

    • Intention to:

      • State opinions, make requests, give orders, etc.

    • Examples: "I’ll help you."

  3. Perlocutionary Act

    • Definition: Consequent effect of the utterance based on context.

    • Aims to change feelings, thoughts, or actions.

    • Examples: Inspiring calls to action, persuasive statements.