Learning outcomes for Chapters 1-3

Learning Outcomes for Chapters 1-3

Chapter 2: Measurements

• Key Skills to Master:

  1. Convert between standard and scientific notation.

  2. Determine the number of significant figures in a number.

  3. Convert between units:

     • Key Prefixes:

       • kilo (k)

       • centi (c)

       • milli (m)

       • micro ( or mc)

     • Other conversions to know:

       • parts per million (ppm)

       • percent (%)

  4. Utilize unit conversions to solve word problems, particularly density-related questions.

Chapter 3: Matter and Energy

• Key Skills to Master:

  1. Classify examples of matter as:

     • Element

     • Compound

     • Homogeneous mixture

     • Heterogeneous mixture

  2. Identify whether changes in matter are:

     • Physical changes

     • Chemical changes

  3. Convert between unit measures of energy:

     • Calories and Joules

  4. Calculate the caloric content in a food product, given the mass of:

     • Protein

     • Carbohydrates

     • Fat

  5. Use the equation Q = mcΔT to solve for an unknown variable, provided the other three variables are known.

  6. Calculate the energy absorbed or released during changes in the states of matter:

     • States of Matter to Consider:

       • Solid

       • Liquid

       • Gas

     • Relevant values for heat of vaporization or fusion will be provided during the exam.

Important Equations and Conversion Factors

• Heat Transfer Equation:

  • Q = mcΔT

• Caloric Values:

  • Carbohydrate: 4 kcal/g

  • Protein: 4 kcal/g

  • Fat: 9 kcal/g

• Energy Conversion:

  • 1 cal = 4.184 J