Historical Antecedents — Quick Review (Ancient, Middle Ages, Modern, Filipino Inventions)

Definition: It is defined as a precursor to the unfolding or existence of something.
Purpose: Historical developments of science and technology inform decisions and applications in daily life.

ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS: paved the way for advances in science and technology; improved communication, transportation, self-organization, and living.
ANCIENT WHEEL: credited to the Sumerians; animals used for transportation.
PAPER: before papyrus, writing on stones/tablets; around $3000$ B.C., Egyptians wrote on papyrus; made from the pith of Cyperus papyrus.
SHADOOF: hand-operated device to lift water; irrigation; introduced the concept of lifting with counterweights.
ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM: discovered in 1902; ancient analog computer with a circular face; used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses.
AEOLIPILE: steam-powered turbine (Hero’s engine); spins as water is heated; initially a temple wonder, not practical.

HEAVY PLOUGH: transformed European agriculture; increased yields in fatty soils; spurred economic prosperity.
GUNPOWDER: invented ~ $A.D. 850$ by Chinese alchemists; changed warfare with fiery arrows, cannons, grenades.
PAPER MONEY: emerged in the $17^{\text{th}}$ century; easier to carry/transport; earlier traders used precious metals.
MECHANICAL CLOCK: improved timekeeping; clockwork sophistication altered daily life and work patterns.
SPINNING WHEEL: speeds up spinning fiber; likely invented by Indians between the $6^{\text{th}}$ and $11^{\text{th}}$ centuries; greatly increased output.

TELESCOPE: invented by Galileo Galilei; magnifies up to $20\times$ ; enabled astronomical discoveries.
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE: invented by Zacharias Janssen (Dutch) in the $1590s$ ; used in medicine, forensics, genetics.
JACQUARD LOOM: built by Joseph Marie Jacquard; automated weaving, reducing manual labor.
ENGINE-POWERED AIRPLANE: demonstrated by Orville and Wilbur Wright; key wing-tilt concept for flight.
TELEVISION: invented by John Logie Baird in the 1920s; first mechanical TV; 1929 broadcasting era.

E-Jeepney (Electric Jeep): branded as E-JERNEX; electric jeepney concept.
ERYTHROMYCIN: Abelardo Aguilar; derived from the bacterium Streptomyces erythreus; 250 mg tablets; 28 tablets; Milpharm.
Medical incubator: Fe Del Mundo; notable pediatric incubator invention.
Mole remover: Rolando Dela Cruz; made from cashew nut extracts.
Banana ketchup: Maria Y. Orosa; Jufran banana ketchup brand.
Closing thought: "The inventions of yesterday became the foundation of today, and what we create today will shape tomorrow."