social final
Geographic Influence on Ancient Greece
Mountains
Isolated communities, fostering
independence.
Islands
Encouraged maritime trade and
exploration.
Seas
Facilitated cultural exchange and
economic growth.
Greek City-States
Trade
Civilizations became wealthy through trade
Decline
Warfare led to decline of early civilizations
City-States
Independent territories called- citystates developed throughout Greece
Early Civilizations
Farming and fishing peoples near Aegean Sea
Athens: Birthplace of Democracy
Limitations
Women and enslaved persons could not vote
First Democracy
World's first democracy introduced in Athens
Influence
Set example for later civilizations
Citizen Participation
Adult male citizens shared in running the government
Athens: Center of Learning
Socrates : Questioned conventional wisdom through dialogues.
Plato : Famous student of Socrates Explored ideal forms and just society.
Aristotle: Studied natural world and human behavior.
Alexander the Great's Empire
Decline
Empire broke into smaller kingdoms after Alexander's death
Conquest
Philip II of Macedonia conquered Greece
Expansion
Alexander conquered Egypt, Persia, and parts of India
Cultural Exchange
Greek culture mixed with Egyptian and Persian cultures
Rise of Rome
Senate -Assembly of rich landowners advised consuls
Consuls -Two elected consuls led Rome
Republic -Changed to a republic in 509 B.C.
Monarchy -Rome began as a monarchy
Roman Law
Innocence
Person regarded as innocent until proven guilty
Twelve Tables
Code of laws written on bronze tablets
Equality
All free citizens had right to equal treatment
Modern Influence
Shaped many contemporary legal systems.
Roman Empire Expansion
Conquest
Roman armies seized territory throughout Mediterranean region
Citizenship
Many conquered people granted Roman citizenship
Loyalty
Granting citizenship built strong state with loyal members
Pax Romana
Arts
Time of artistic growth
Peace
Period of peace lasting about 200 years
Trade
Expanding trade throughout empire
Augustus
First emperor, gained position in 27 B.C.
Rise of Christianity
Jesus
preached message of love and forgiveness
Spread
The Christian Church was established in Rome
Decline of Western Roman Empire
Internal Factors External Factors
Political instability Germanic invasions
Economic troubles Hun migrations
Military weakening Climate change
Decline of Roman Empire
Fall
Western Roman Empire ended in A.D. 476
Division
Empire divided into eastern and western parts
External Threats
Germanic groups attacked from north
Internal Struggles
Rivals struggled to become emperor
Byzantine Empire
Longevity
Lasted another thousand years after Western Empire's fall
Prosperity
Byzantine Empire was prosperous
Eastern Empire
Eastern part of Roman Empire remained strong
Roman Influence on Language
Modern Impact
Latin roots in English,
French, Spanish, Italian.
Latin
Roman language became basis for
many modern languages such as
English, Italian, French and Spanish.
Roman Architectural Legacy
U.S. Capitol
Dome inspired by Roman archi tecture
Pantheon
Ancient Roman temple with iconic dome
Arches
Roman engineering influenced later structures
Greco-Roman Influence on Modern World
Government
Democratic principles and republican ideals persist.
Philosophy
Greek thought shapes Western intellectual tradition.
Arts
Classical aesthetics continue to inspire creators.