CBA Review Study Guide: Biomolecules and Enzymes

Here are 20 multiple-choice practice questions based on your notes:

1. Biomolecules made of monosaccharide subunits that serve as the primary source of immediate, quick energy for cells are called:

• A) Lipids

• B) Carbohydrates

• C) Proteins

• D) Nucleic acids

1. What is the monomer (building block) of carbohydrates?

• A) Fatty acids

• B) Amino acids

• C) Monosaccharides

• D) Nucleotides

1. Which chemical elements make up carbohydrates?

• A) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen ($\text{C, H, O}$)

• B) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen ($\text{C, H, O, N}$)

• C) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus ($\text{C, H, O, N, P}$)

• D) Carbon and Nitrogen only

1. What are the building blocks (monomers) of lipids?

• A) Amino acids

• B) Monosaccharides

• C) Glycerol and fatty acids

• D) Nucleotides

1. What is a primary function of lipids in living organisms?

• A) Immediate quick energy

• B) Long-term energy storage and cell membrane structure

• C) Storing genetic information

• D) Acting as organic catalysts

1. Which biomolecule is composed of amino acid chains?

• A) Carbohydrate

• B) Lipid

• C) Protein

• D) Nucleic acid

1. What chemical elements are present in proteins?

• A) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen ($\text{C, H, O}$)

• B) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen ($\text{C, H, O, N}$)

• C) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus ($\text{C, H, O, N, P}$)

• D) Carbon and Hydrogen only

1. Which biomolecule functions as an organic catalyst (enzyme) and facilitates cellular transport?

• A) Nucleic acid

• B) Lipid

• C) Carbohydrate

• D) Protein

1. What is the building block (monomer) of nucleic acids?

• A) Nucleotide

• B) Amino acid

• C) Monosaccharide

• D) Fatty acid

1. Which chemical element is found in nucleic acids ($\text{C, H, O, N, P}$) but missing in proteins ($\text{C, H, O, N}$)?

• A) Carbon

• B) Nitrogen

• C) Phosphorus ($\text{P}$)

• D) Oxygen

1. What is the main function of nucleic acids?

• A) Provide immediate quick energy

• B) Store, carry, and transmit genetic information

• C) Provide long-term energy storage

• D) Form cell membrane components

1. In an enzymatic reaction, what is the specific reactant molecule upon which an enzyme acts?

• A) Active site

• B) Substrate

• C) Product

• D) Catalyst

1. What is the specialized region on an enzyme where the substrate binds?

• A) Substrate complex

• B) Active site

• C) Denaturation site

• D) Monomer

1. What temporary intermediate state is formed when a substrate binds to an active site?

• A) Enzyme-Substrate Complex

• B) Denatured Protein

• C) Monosaccharide Chain

• D) Nucleotide Bond

1. What is the final molecular substance released from the enzyme's active site?

• A) Substrate

• B) Active site

• C) Product

• D) Monomer

1. How does an enzyme affect chemical reactions?

• A) It is consumed permanently

• B) It decelerates chemical reactions

• C) It accelerates chemical reactions without being permanently altered or consumed

• D) It alters genetic information

1. What happens when an enzyme undergoes denaturation?

• A) Its active site shape changes, preventing substrate binding

• B) It gains new building blocks

• C) It multiplies into two enzymes

• D) It turns into a lipid

1. Which condition can cause enzyme denaturation?

• A) High temperatures or drastic changes in pH

• B) Presence of fatty acids

• C) Storage of genetic information

• D) Monosaccharide breakdown

1. An enzyme that functions optimally at $37^\circ\text{C}$ will experience what effect at elevated temperatures?

• A) Increase in catalytic activity

• B) Denaturation and rapid decrease in activity

• C) Conversion into a nucleic acid

• D) No change in function

1. A food item contains $40\,\text{g}$ of carbohydrates, $5\,\text{g}$ of lipids, and $10\,\text{g}$ of proteins. Which biomolecule provides the fastest energy source?

• A) Lipids

• B) Proteins

• C) Carbohydrates

• D) Nucleic acids