Vocab Pre-quiz

Absolutely! Here’s an enhanced set of flashcards with vocabulary explanations to help you not only review quiz content but also understand why each term matters in functional anatomy. Each flashcard has a term or question, a definition or explanation, and the correct answer or example.

🔹 Directional Terms

Flashcard 1
Q: What does "Medial" mean in anatomical terms?
A: Toward the midline of the body. For example, the nose is medial to the eyes.
✅ Correct in context: The thumb is lateral to the fingers in anatomical position, while the pinky is more medial.

Flashcard 2
Q: What does "Proximal" refer to?
A: Closer to the origin of the body part or the trunk.
✅ Example: The shoulder is proximal to the wrist.

Flashcard 3
Q: What does "Distal" refer to?
A: Farther from the origin or point of attachment.
✅ Example: The ulna is distal to the humerus.

Flashcard 4
Q: Define "Lateral."
A: Away from the midline of the body.
✅ Example: The fibula is lateral to the tibia.

🔹 Joint Classifications

Flashcard 5
Q: What is a "Hinge Joint"?
A: A uniaxial joint allowing flexion and extension, like a door hinge.
✅ Example: The elbow (humeroulnar joint).

Flashcard 6
Q: What does "Amphiarthrotic" mean?
A: A type of joint with limited movement.
✅ Example: Intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis.

Flashcard 7
Q: What are the three structural classifications of joints?
A: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
✅ Explanation: Based on connective tissue type and joint cavity presence.

Flashcard 8
Q: What are the three functional classifications of joints?
A: Synarthrotic (immovable), Amphiarthrotic (slightly movable), Diarthrotic (freely movable)

🔹 Planes and Axes

Flashcard 9
Q: What is the "Sagittal Plane"?
A: Divides the body into left and right halves.
✅ Movement: Flexion/Extension

Flashcard 10
Q: What is the axis for movement in the sagittal plane?
A: Mediolateral axis

Flashcard 11
Q: What motion occurs in the frontal plane through a sagittal axis?
A: Abduction and adduction (e.g., shoulder and hip)

Flashcard 12
Q: What is "Transverse Plane" movement?
A: Rotation around a vertical axis
✅ Example: Spinal rotation or shoulder internal rotation

🔹 Bone and Muscle Vocabulary

Flashcard 13
Q: What is a "Fossa"?
A: A shallow depression or hollow area on a bone.
✅ Example: Subscapular fossa of the scapula.

Flashcard 14
Q: What is a "Tuberosity"?
A: A large rounded projection; site for muscle/ligament attachment.
✅ Example: Tibial tuberosity

Flashcard 15
Q: Define "Sarcomere."
A: The basic contractile unit of a muscle fiber.
✅ Function: Composed of actin and myosin filaments that slide to contract the muscle.

Flashcard 16
Q: What is the "Periosteum"?
A: A dense layer of connective tissue surrounding bones, containing nerves and blood vessels.

🔹 Muscle Function and Motion

Flashcard 17
Q: What is an "Isometric Contraction"?
A: Muscle contracts without changing length; stabilizes a joint.
✅ Example: Plank pose in yoga.

Flashcard 18
Q: What is a "Concentric Contraction"?
A: The muscle shortens while producing force.
✅ Example: Bicep curl (lifting phase)

Flashcard 19
Q: What is "Eccentric Contraction"?
A: The muscle lengthens under tension.
✅ Example: Slowly lowering a weight.

Flashcard 20
Q: What is "Sliding Filament Theory"?
A: Describes how muscles contract through actin and myosin sliding past each other.

🔹 Movement & Kinetics

Flashcard 21
Q: What is "Hyperextension"?
A: Extension beyond the normal range of motion.

Flashcard 22
Q: What is "Circumduction"?
A: A circular movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Flashcard 23
Q: What is an "Accessory Movement"?
A: Small joint movements not under voluntary control (like joint glides).

Flashcard 24
Q: What does "Glide" refer to in arthrokinematics?
A: A linear movement where one joint surface slides over another.

🔹 Kinetic Chains & Functional Exercise

Flashcard 25
Q: What is a "Closed Chain Exercise"?
A: The distal end (hand/foot) is fixed; movement occurs in multiple joints.
✅ Example: Squats or push-ups.

Flashcard 26
Q: What is an "Open Chain Exercise"?
A: The distal limb segment moves freely.
✅ Example: Leg extension machine.

Flashcard 27
Q: What is the "Deltoid Tuberosity"?
A: A roughened area on the humerus where the deltoid inserts.

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