#5 The Effects of Using IT

Microprocessor-Controlled Devices

  • A microprocessor-driven labour-saving machine enables users to focus on other activities while the machine completes its work.

Device

Advantages

Disadvantages

Examples

Microprocessor-controlled device

  1. Energy-efficient (auto power-off after inactivity)

  2. Easy to program tasks, reducing manual effort

  1. Can increase electronic waste

  2. Harder to use for non-tech users

  3. Standby mode still wastes energy

  1. Smartphones

  2. Smart speakers

  3. EVs

  4. GPS navigation systems

Microprocessor-controlled labor-saving device

  1. Automated tasks (reduce labor and more time for leisure)

  2. Can be controlled anywhere, anytime

  1. Encourages inactivity and laziness

  2. Leads to loss of skills

  3. Risks of cyberattacks on connected devices

  1. Automated alarms, which improve security

  2. Smart fridges, which reduce food waste by tracking expiry and stock

Data Security Issues

  • Remote-controlled appliances can expose personal data to hackers

  • Default or weak passwords make them easy to access

  • Hacked devices (eg. heating controllers) can reveal when a home is empty

  • Smart fridges/freezers may leak payment info when auto-ordering goods

Social Interactions

Advantages

Disadvantages

Easier to meet new people online

Less face-to-face interaction → social isolation

Connect with others sharing similar interests

Increased anxiety in real-life social situations

Cheaper communication through VoIP

Risk of rude behavior, cyberbullying, and online crime

Monitoring and Controlling Transport

  • Monitor motorway traffic and congestion zones

  • Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR)

  • Smart traffic lights

  • Air and rail traffic control systems

Advantages

Disadvantages

Smart motorways adapt to traffic conditions

Risk of hacking or system failure

More efficient and safer transport flow

Poor design can threaten safety

ANPR detects offences and stolen vehicles

ANPR may invade privacy

Fewer human errors → fewer accidents

Autonomous Vehicles

How they work:
Use sensors, cameras, actuators, and microprocessors to detect surroundings and make driving decisions automatically.

Advantages

Disadvantages

Safer (no human error)

Very high installation and maintenance costs

Environmentally efficient

Fear of hacking or malfunction

Less congestion, faster travel

Job loss (eg. taxi drivers)

Stress-free parking

Public distrust of new tech

Autonomous Trains

Advantages

Disadvantages

Improved punctuality and efficiency

High setup cost

Lower costs and energy use

Security and hacking risks

No human error, easy schedule updates

Needs constant passenger and CCTV monitoring

Public reluctance to change

Autonomous Aeroplanes

Advantages

Disadvantages

Greater safety (fewer pilot errors)

Security and hacking concerns

Reduced costs and better comfort

Harder to manage emergencies

Improved aerodynamics without cockpit

Passenger distrust

Software failures could be disastrous

Potential Health Problems related to the Prolonged use of IT Equipment

Healthy issue

Cause

Prevention

Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)

Repetitive movements, muscle overuse (eg. wrists)

Take regular breaks, use ergonomic equipment, correct typing posture

Back & neck strain

Poor posture, long monitor use

Use adjustable chair, footrest, tiltable screen

Eyestrain

Prolonged screen time, bad lighting

Use LCD screens, anti-glare filters, take breaks, regular eye tests

Headaches

Flickering or reflected light, poor lighting

Use anti-glare screens, correct lighting, regular breaks

Ozone irritation

Ozone from laser printers

Ensure ventilation, isolate printers, use inkjet alternatives