pastor midterm

Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex — Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital

Action Potential — An electrical impulse traveling down a neuron

Stages of Sleep — NREM-1, NREM-2, NREM-3, REM

Manifest Content — The remembered storyline of a dream
Latent Content — The hidden meaning of a dream

Circadian Rhythm — The body’s 24-hour biological clock

Tolerance — Needing more of a drug to achieve the same effect

REM (Paradoxical) Sleep — Stage of sleep with vivid dreams and brain activity

Narcolepsy — Sudden uncontrollable sleep attacks
Insomnia — Difficulty falling or staying asleep
Sleepwalking — Walking or performing behaviors while asleep
Sleep Talking — Talking during sleep

Depressant — Slows down the central nervous system
Stimulant — Speeds up the central nervous system

Dreaming Stage of Sleep — REM sleep

90-Minute Sleep Cycle — Pattern in which sleep stages repeat about every 90 minutes

Transduction — Converting sensory energy into neural impulses

Sensory Adaptation — Reduced sensitivity after constant stimulation

Sound Localization — Ability to determine where a sound comes from

Top-Down Processing — Using prior knowledge to interpret information
Bottom-Up Processing — Building perception from sensory input

Inattentional Blindness — Failing to notice visible objects due to lack of attention

Retina — Light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye
Visual Processing — How the brain interprets visual information

Absolute Threshold — Minimum stimulus needed to detect something 50% of the time
Subliminal Threshold — Stimuli below conscious awareness

Rods — Detect black, white, and motion
Cones — Detect color and detail

Retinal Disparity — Difference between images seen by each eye

Change Blindness — Failure to notice changes in a scene

Algorithm — Step-by-step problem-solving method
Heuristic — A quick mental shortcut

Belief Perseverance — Holding onto beliefs despite evidence to the contrary

Representativeness Heuristic — Judging likelihood based on similarity

G Intelligence — General intelligence underlying all abilities

Triarchic Intelligence — Analytical, Creative, Practical

Savant Syndrome — Exceptional ability in a specific area

IQ — Intelligence quotient; score on an intelligence test

Reliability — Consistency of a test
Validity — Accuracy of a test

Flynn Effect — IQ scores increase over generations

Stability of IQ — IQ tends to remain consistent over time

Encoding — Getting information into memory
Storage — Keeping information in memory
Retrieval — Getting information out of memory

Flashbulb Memory — Vivid memory of an emotional event

Context Effect — Memory is better in the same environment

Implicit Memory — Unconscious memory
Explicit Memory — Conscious memory

Serial Position Effect — Remembering first and last items best

Sensory Memory — Very brief memory of sensory input
Working Memory — Active, short-term processing
Long-Term Memory — Relatively permanent storage

Proactive Interference — Old information interferes with new
Retroactive Interference — New information interferes with old

Forgetting — Inability to retrieve stored information

Distributed Practice — Studying over time
Massed Practice — Cramming