Strain V.S Sprain

Major Injuries

  • Sprain – Injury to a ligament (connects bones).

  • Strain (Pamaol) – Injury to a tendon (connects muscle to bone).

Grades of Injury:

  • Grade 1 – Mild (bruise).

  • Grade 2 – Moderate (about to break).

  • Grade 3 – Severe (completely broken).

First Aid (R.I.C.E.):

  • Rest – Avoid movement (Grade 1: rest for 1-2 days).

  • Ice – Reduces pain and swelling.

  • Compression – Bandage to keep the injury stable.

    • Sling - to immobilize the injured part

    • Splint - to position the injured part

  • Elevate – Raise the injured part above heart level.

Bone Injuries

  • Dislocation

    • Bone is out of place in a joint.

  • Fracture (Broken Bone)

    • Simple Fracture - bones are aligned

    • Compound Fracture - bones are not aligned (mostly are open)

    • Open Fracture – Bone breaks through the skin.

    • Closed Fracture – Bone breaks inside, but the skin is intact.

Types of Closed Fractures:

  • (Long Bone Fractures)

    • Spiral – Bone twists but stays inside.

    • Oblique – Diagonal break.

    • Oblique Non-displaced – Bone remains aligned.

    • Oblique Displaced – Bone moves out of place (can turn into an open fracture).

    • Linear (Vertical)– Break runs along the bone's length.

    • Transverse – A straight horizontal break.

    • Greenstick (Horizontal)– Bone bends and cracks but doesn’t fully break.

    • Comminuted – Bone shatters into pieces.

    • Impacted (Bone Vonvergence)– Broken ends push into each other.

    • Segmental – Two or more breaks in the same bone.

    • Avulsion (Shoulder) – A piece of bone pulls away due to strong muscle force.

  • (Flat Bone Fractures) (Skull, knee caps, pelvic bone)

    • Depressed Fracture – Bone gets pushed inward (common in babies).

    • Stellate Fracture - break of the bone goes to different direction