climatic subtypes

Climatic Types within Climates

1. Tropical Climates

   • High temperatures year-round (> 18^{\circ}C).

   • High humidity.

   • Subtypes:

     • Tropical Rainforest: Consistent rainfall.

     • Tropical Monsoon: Seasonal heavy rainfall.

     • Tropical Savanna: Dry season with grasslands.

2. Dry Climates

   • Low precipitation.

   • High evaporation.

   • Subtypes:

     • Desert (Arid): Extremely dry.

     • Steppe (Semi-Arid): Grassland with seasonal rainfall.

3. Temperate Climates

   • Moderate temperatures.

   • Distinct seasons.

   • Subtypes:

     • Mediterranean: Warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters.

     • Humid Subtropical: Hot, humid summers and mild winters.

     • Marine West Coast: Mild temperatures and high precipitation year-round.

4. Continental Climates

   • Large temperature variations.

   • Warm to cool summers.

   • Cold winters.

   • Subtypes:

     • Humid Continental: Warm summers and cold, snowy winters.

     • Subarctic (Taiga): Short, cool summers and long, very cold winters.

5. Polar Climates

   • Very cold year-round.

   • Low precipitation.

   • Subtypes:

     • Tundra: Short growing season, permafrost.

     • Ice Cap: Permanent ice cover.

6. Highland Climates

   • Altitude-dependent.

   • Cooler temperatures.

   • Variable precipitation.

   • Subtypes:

     • Climate varies greatly with elevation.