PRELIM PR

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

  • Is an explanation of the context of study which involves the current data or status of the problem, existing studies about it and its history that paved way to the development of the research problem.

  • It explicates the rationale why you, as a researcher, are conducting the study. Writing this particular part of the paper may lead you to your research questions.

  • This is a brief statement of the origin of the problem.

  • It is an account describing the circumstances, which suggested research. It may include a justification of the selection or choice of the study.

  • Clearly states the issue/problem is in relation to the topic with emphasis on the dependent variable.

  • Relate background as to results, assumption reconnection of IV’s and DV’s.

  • Cite implications of previous works leading to rationale of the study.

  • Discuss what was done in the present study, urgency, research gap, contribution to the study.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

  • This premise indicates the importance of meticulously crafting the research questions as it sets the focus and drives the course of the study.

  • The problem of the study must be shown as one, which arose from a situation of need or unresolved difficulties. The reader must be made to recognize this need.

THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM HAS TWO PARTS:

  1. General statement of the problem/objective.

  2. Specific research questions.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

  • Illustrate what you expect from your research.

  • Maps out how they might relate to each other.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

  • A brief statement of the purposes which the study/research hopes to achieve.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

  • Pinpoints the benefits certain groups of people will gain from the findings of the study. It must start from the most to the least benefited ones.

  • This section should show why the problem investigated is important and what significance the results have.

  • It should include a statement on relevance to felt needs, the potential contribution of the research to new knowledge, and policy implications and other possible uses for its results.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

  • It contains the explanation of what information or subject is being analyzed. It is followed by an explanation of the limitations of the research.

  • It will explain why definite aspects of a subject were chosen and why others were excluded. It also mentions the research method used as well as the certain theories applied to the data.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

  • Lists down and defines the key terms as used in the study in alphabetical order. An operational definition refers to a specific definition of concept in a research study.

  • Clear definitions should be stated for all important variables, especially if these are to be measured by means of specific instruments or combination of devices.

RESEARCH

  • Is an investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws.

  • It is also a practice of collecting information about a particular subject.

INQUIRY

  • It is a question which you ask to get some information. It is the process of asking about or investigating something to find out more about it.

  • Is an investigation made by asking questions rather than by inspection, or by study of available evidence: an inquiry into a proposed bond issue.

INVESTIGATION

  • It is a proper inquiry or efficient study.

  • Is a systematic, minute, and thorough attempt to learn the facts about something complex or hidden; it is often formal and official: an investigation of a bank failure.

IMMERSION

  • It is the process of learning a skill by using nothing else but that skill. It is the fact of becoming completely involved in something.

  • Refers to the deep-level personal involvement of the researcher with the object of study.

WHY DO RESEARCH?

  • Add to existing knowledge.

  • Improve practice.

  • Inform policies.

  • Solve problems, not emergencies.

PREPARING FOR RESEARCH

  1. Focus

  2. Decide on a topic.

  3. Understand the problem.

  4. Decide on the problem.

BRAINSTORMING

  • Is a way of inquiring ideas that will help you to develop concepts and focusing techniques by asking questions and knowing the interests of the persons involved in the said issues.

WHEN FORMULATING AN EFFECTIVE RESEARCH TITLE, TAKE THE FOLLOWING GUIDELINES INTO CONSIDERATION:

  1. Indicate accurately the subject and scope of the study.

  2. The title must be limited to 10 to 15 substantive words. Conjunctions (and, but, because), preposition (in, on, at) and articles (the, a, an) are not counted.

  3. Do not include analysis of, study of, an investigation of and the like.

  4. The title must be in the phrase form. Avoid titles that give too much information.

CRITERIA IN CHOOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC

  1. Interest in the subject matter.

  • Curiosity about an issue/topic is one of the factors that motivate a person to unravel the unknown in a topic.

  1. Richness of available sources or supporting evidence.

  • One of the things that you should do is to collect a lot of information on your topic of interest. You must ensure that your sources are from a wide variety of literature such as books, journals, periodicals, online articles, etc.

  1. Timeliness and relevance of the topic.

  • Your topic should be relevant and timely.

  1. Limitations of the subject.

  • Aside from your interest, you must also consider the significance of the topic in your track and strand. Research is conducted to contribute something valuable to a particular area or discipline.

  1. Personal resources.

  • Prior to finalizing your chosen topic, you must assess your research abilities as a student. You may do so by taking your financial capability, health condition, personal qualifications and training as a researcher, needed facilities and time allotment into account.

PRIMARY SOURCES

  • Main text or work that you are discussing , actual data or research results, or historical documents. Also: first-hand testimony.

SECONDARY SOURCES

  • Records generated by an event but written by non-participants in the event. Based on/derived from primary sources - but they have been interpreted, or analyzed.

CITATIONS

  • Defined as means of informing your readers that a certain information came from a specific source and you just borrowed it to widen the explanation of a certain situation or data of your research.

CITING OF SOURCES COMES IN TWO MANNERS, NAMELY:

  • In-text citation

  • Referencing list

IN-TEXT CITATION

  • Refers to all of the citations that can be found in all of the chapters in your research paper.

REFERENCING LIST

  • Refers to the bibliography and/or references of your research paper. This holds the summary of the information of all of your sources.

3 MOST COMMON CITATIONS STYLES

  • American Psychological Association (APA)

  • Modern Language Association (MLA)

  • Chicago Manual of Styles (CMS)

AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APA)

  • This citation is commonly used when a researcher works in social science-related research.

  • Follows an author-date format, wherein, the needed information for its in-text citation is the author’s surname and the year of publishing.

MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION (MLA)

  • It is one commonly used citation style in research papers which concerns in liberal arts and humanities.

  • Follows an author-page format, wherein the author's surname and the page number where it could be found is needed.

CHICAGO MANUAL OF STYLES (CMS)

  • It is a citation style that presents two basic documentation systems: a) notes and bibliography and b) author-date.