review session one

Class divided into six sections corresponding to six after-school sessions.
Focus on covering one section at a time with flexibility for students leaving early.

Maize cultivation linked to Neolithic societies transitioning from hunting-gathering to establishing permanent agricultural practices.
Significant societal development due to agriculture, creating stable communities.
Expected to study at least two cultures from summer assignment adapted to geography:
- Example 1: Cahokia (Mississippi River Valley)
- Advantage: Arable land and flood plains.
- Disadvantage: Vulnerability to attacks necessitating defenses.
- Example 2: Pueblos (Southwest)
- Adaptation: Dry farming and irrigation systems due to arid land.
- Architectural considerations due to lack of wood.
Importance of understanding diverse cultures regarding geography is emphasized (5% of AP exam content).

Motivations for exploration summarized by: Gold, God, Glory.
Leading countries:
- Spain and Portugal primarily seeking wealth and spreading Catholicism through missionary work.
- Contrast with England where religious persecution drove migration.
Technological advancements facilitating exploration include:
- Compass
- New ship designs.

Distinction made between the Columbian Exchange and triangular trade.
Columbian Exchange includes:
- Exchange of goods (fruits, vegetables, livestock) and diseases between the Old and New Worlds.
- Major impact on demographics due to widespread disease driving down Native American populations.
- Economic implications favoring Europe with trade benefits (mercantilism).
- Social implications: Introduction of Christianity impacting Native cultures and establishment of a social hierarchy favoring Europeans.

Discussion of political changes includes:
- The Pueblo Revolt led by chief Pope against Spanish control.
- Refers back to the socioeconomic stratification and the conflict over land and goods.

1492 - Columbus arrives in the New World.
1607 - First permanent English colony established at Jamestown.
1620 - Pilgrims settle in Massachusetts Bay.
Distinction between the Northern, Southern, and Middle colonies' developmental traits based on geography and economics.

Economic activities include fishing, whaling, lumbering, and subsistence farming due to poor soil.
Dominance of the Puritans leading to a highly religious community that values education.
Political structure shows theocratic tendencies with the importance placed on church membership for voting.

Focus on agriculture with significant cash crops like Tobacco driving the economy.
Established a social hierarchy with powerful landowners.
Lesser family structures compared to the North.

Mix of farming and trade with diverse settlers (Germans, French).
Generally, a good relationship with Native Americans, exemplified by William Penn of Pennsylvania.

Spanish: Frontier of inclusion, though marked by violence and exploitation.
French: Also a frontier of inclusion with friendlier relations due to trade ties.
English: Characterized as a frontier of exclusion, pushing Native Americans off their land. Notable conflicts:
- King Philip's War (Metacom's War) against English settlers.
- Natives not enslaved; reliance on indentured servants.

Transition from indentured servitude to African slavery driven by costs and longevity.
Bacon's Rebellion (1676) serves as a turning point highlighting class tensions among former indentured servants.
The foundation of triangular trade patterns emphasizing goods exchanged among the colonies, Britain, and Africa.

Salutary Neglect referred to allowing some self-governance and trade freedom until 1763.
Post-1763, British restrictions increased, leading to colonial unrest over taxation without representation.

Emotional revivalism led by figures like Jonathan Edwards, promoting egalitarian religious access.

Influencers include John Locke and Montesquieu, challenging traditional governance forms.