midterms
MIDTERMS
Define the following terms:
Algorithms - Mathematical formulas used by computers to construct digital radiographic images.
Barium Platinocyanide - Substance which coated the photographic plates used by Roentgen in the discovery of x-rays.
Computer memory - Area of computer where information is stored.
Computed tomography - Radiographic cross-sectional electronically created image that uses a very small beam of radiation.
Cyclotron - Invented by Ernest Lawrence in 1932, it is a chamber that made it possible to accelerate particles to high speeds for use as projectiles.
Diagnostic medical sonography - Diagnosis of a disease process, or the imaging of a certain condition such as pregnancy, by the administration of high-frequency, non-ionizing sound waves.
Digital radiography - See digital imaging.
Fluoroscopy - A procedure using x-rays to image inner parts of the body in movement and motion.
Interventional radiology - Subspecialty of special procedures that aids in patient treatment by replacing surgery or complementing the surgical process; certification by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists.
Radioactivity - The property of certain elements to emit rays or subatomic particles spontaneously from matter.
Microprocessor speed - Speed at which a computer can perform calculations.
Nuclear radiology - The branch of radiology using radioactive materials for medical diagnosis and treatment.
Magnetic resonance imaging - Cross-sectional, three- dimensional imaging modality that creates digital images by the use of a strong magnetic field and radio waves instead of radiation.
Tell the contributions of the following persons in radiology:
Anna Bertha Roentgen
She was the first person to undergo x-ray.
Wife of Wilhelm Roentgen, discoverer of x- rays; her hand was the first human x-ray image ever produced
Prof. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
Physicist and mathematician who discovered x-rays on November 8, 1895
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf - Conducted several experiments with cathode rays, which are streams of electrons emitted from the surface of a cathode.
Thomas Edison
Conducted extensive research in electricity as well as inventing fluoroscopy.
William Crookes - Furthered the study of cathode rays and demonstrated that matter was emitted from the cathode with enough energy to rotate a wheel placed within a tube.
Barium Platinocyanide
Luminescent material used by Roentgen
Phosphorescence - afterglow / screen lag; lights up after exposure; used in x-ray
Fluorescence - lights up during exposure
Serendipity - accidental discovery
1st radiographic image - hand of Anna Bertha Ludwig (-Roentgen)
Curie - Unit of radioactivity, based on Marie Curie
Lead - Coated throughout the room. It is a metal containing high atomic number. Has the ability to absorb greater radiation
Trefoil - international radiation symbol
Exposure Area - where x-ray happens
kVp - Kilovoltage Peak; maximum voltage to be applied in the x-ray tube
mAs - Milliampere-seconds; current in the x-ray tube at the time of exposure
Travel time of radiation - less than 1 second
Dark room adaptation - heightening dark vision once the room is completely black out
High Voltage Generator - location of circuits and transformer that generates the electricity needed for the x-ray process
Operating Console - also called control panel; it is where we control and set technical factors to operate the x-ray machine; can be analog/digital
X-ray Table - where patient is positioned; made of low atomic material; carbon fiber
Radiographic Cassette - where film is inserted and is placed in bucky tray; has different sizes
Portable x-ray machine - for px incapable of walking
Negatoscope - device used in deciphering/examining the film
Pass box - place where the film is passed through the dark room
Processing tanks - has developer and fixer chemicals
Film dryer - films are clipped in film hanger and is placed here to dry
Movable lead barrier - made up of lead (even the glass); reduce/absorb exposure
Red light - indicates exposure