Eason Final 2nd Semester

Boston Massacre: Confrontation between colonists and British soldiers on March 5, 1770, resulting in the death of five colonists.

Regional Differences: Included economic activities, cultural practices, and differing views on slavery.

Declaration of Independence: Purpose was to declare independence from British rule. "Unalienable rights" refer to rights that cannot be taken away.

Articles of Confederation: Problems included weak central government, no power to tax, and difficulties in regulating trade.

Constitution: Created after Shays' Rebellion.

Supreme Law: Constitution of the United States.

Writers: Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, and the Constitution was written by the Founding Fathers.

Constructionism: Loose allows for broad interpretation of the Constitution, while strict limits the federal government's powers.

Federal vs. State Powers: Federal powers are granted to the national government, while state powers are reserved for the states.

Great Compromise: Established a bicameral legislature.

3/5 Compromise: Counted three-fifths of the slave population for representation and taxation.

Checks and Balances: Each branch of government limits the powers of the other branches.

Branches of Government: Legislative, executive, and judicial.

Senators: Two per state, serve six-year terms.

Federal Judges: Appointed by the president, serve for life.

Constitutional Amendment: Requires proposal and ratification thresholds.

Veto: Power of the president to reject a proposed law.

Bill of Rights: First ten amendments guarantee individual freedoms and rights.

Amendments: First, Second, Sixth, Thirteenth, Fifteenth, and Nineteenth Amendments.

Washington's Cabinet: Included major politicians.

The War of 1812: triggered by British violations of American sovereignty, impressment of American sailors, and British support of Native American resistance to American expansion.

The Louisiana Purchase: the acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803, doubling the size of the United States and expanding its territory westward.

The Lewis and Clark expedition: an exploration of the newly acquired Louisiana Territory and the Pacific Northwest, led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.

Who were the Forty-Niners?

The Forty-Niners were people who migrated to California in 1849 during the California Gold Rush.

What is Manifest Destiny?

Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States was destined to expand across the North American continent.

What is the Gold Rush?

The Gold Rush was a period of mass migration to California after the discovery of gold in 1848, leading to significant economic and demographic changes in the region.

What President helped create and pass the Indian Removal Act and why?

President Andrew Jackson helped create and pass the Indian Removal Act, which authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes to lands west of the Mississippi River.

What were the political achievements of the Jackson presidency?

The political achievements of the Jackson presidency included expanding suffrage to white male citizens, dismantling the Bank of the United States, and promoting a more direct and populist style of governance.

What is the Trail of Tears?

The Trail of Tears refers to the forced relocation of Native American tribes, particularly the Cherokee, from their ancestral lands to Indian Territory, resulting in significant hardship and loss of life.

What were the causes of the Mexican-American War?

The causes of the Mexican-American War included disputes over the Texas border, American desire for territorial expansion, and tensions between the United States and Mexico.

What was the result of the Mexican-American War?

The result of the Mexican-American War was the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ceded significant territory to the United States, including present-day California, Arizona, New Mexico, and more.

What is sectionalism?

Sectionalism refers to the division of the United States along regional lines, particularly between the North, South, and West.

What were the major differences between the North, South, and West?

The major differences between the North, South, and West included economic activities, attitudes toward slavery, and cultural and political differences.

What is the Missouri Compromise?

The Missouri Compromise was an agreement to admit Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, while also establishing a line at the southern border of Missouri as the boundary between free and slave territories in the Louisiana Purchase territory.

What invention increased the demand for slave labor in the South?

The invention that increased the demand for slave labor in the South was the cotton gin, which made cotton production more profitable.

Who is John Brown and why is he important?

John Brown was an abolitionist who advocated and participated in armed insurrections against slavery. He is important for his radical actions in Kansas and his raid on Harpers Ferry.

What was the goal of the abolitionist movement?

The goal of the abolitionist movement was to end slavery and promote equality and rights for all people, regardless of race.

What was the Compromise of 1850 & why did it matter?

The Compromise of 1850 was a package of legislation addressing the issue of slavery in newly acquired territories, including the admission of California as a free state and the implementation of the Fugitive Slave Act.

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act & why did it matter?

The Kansas-Nebraska Act was a law that allowed the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide the issue of slavery through popular sovereignty, leading to violent conflicts in Kansas.

What was the Fugitive Slave Act? What was its impact?

The Fugitive Slave Act was a law that required the capture and return of escaped slaves to their owners, increasing tensions between the North and the South.

What major issue led to tension between the North and the South?

The major issue that led to tension between the North and the South was the expansion of slavery into new territories and states.

What changed in the broader relationship between the North and the South in the 1850s?

In the 1850s, the broader relationship between the North and the South became increasingly strained, leading to growing political and social divisions and the eventual outbreak of the Civil War.

Who is Harriet Tubman, and why is she important?

Harriet Tubman was a prominent abolitionist and a conductor on the Underground Railroad, helping enslaved individuals escape to freedom.

What do John Brown and Nat Turner have in common?

John Brown and Nat Turner were both abolitionists who led armed uprisings against slavery, seeking to bring about its immediate end through direct action.

What is “Bleeding Kansas?”

"Bleeding Kansas" refers to the violent conflicts between pro-slavery and anti-slavery.