A&P II Midterm Lab Exam Study Guide

A&PII Midterm Lab Exam Study Guide

• Know all labels on each slide.
• Pictures can also be found in the textbook, lab manual, and Mastering A and P.

Prepare for Midterm Lab Exam!

• Lab exam will be all labeling/short answer questions.
• Know all labels on all slides unless information on slide says otherwise.
• Pay close attention to detail!
• Use Study Area in My Lab and Mastering to utilize PAL and other resources.

Ear

• Outer ear
• Middle ear
• Inner ear
• Pinna
• Auditory canal
• Tympanic membrane (Ear drum)
• Malleus
• Incus
• Stapes
• Oval window
• Round window
• Eustachian tube
• Semicircular canals
• Cochlea
• Auditory nerve to brain
• Skull bone

Eye

• Cornea
• Iris
• Pupil
• Lens
• Sclera
• Choroid
• Retina
• Macula lutea
• Fovea centralis
• Optic nerve
• Optic disc (blind spot)
• Ciliary body
• Ciliary muscle
• Ciliary process
• Ciliary zonule
• Scleral venous sinus
• Ora serrata
• Anterior pole
• Posterior pole
• Anterior segment (contains aqueous humor)
• Posterior segment (contains vitreous humor)
• Central artery and vein of the retina

Endocrine

• Pineal gland
• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary gland
• Thyroid gland
• Parathyroid glands (on dorsal aspect of thyroid gland)
• Thymus
• Adrenal glands
• Pancreas
• Gonads
  • Ovary (female)
  • Testis (male)

Blood

• Know which ones are red blood cells.

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

• Erythrocytes
• Platelets
• Leukocytes (neutrophils)

White Blood Cells

• You only need to know which cells on the slide are the white blood cells and what type of white blood cell they are.

Neutrophil

Eosinophil

Basophil

Monocyte

Lymphocyte

Blood Smear using Wright Stain

• Different stain used so white blood cells are different colors than previous slides.
• Platelets
• Erythrocytes
• Monocyte
• Neutrophils
• Lymphocyte

Blood Typing

• Type AB (contains agglutinogens A and B)
• Type B (contains agglutinogen B)
• Type A (contains agglutinogen A)
• Type O (contains no agglutinogens)
• Serum
• Anti-A
• Anti-B
• RBCs

Hearts - Anterior View

• Brachiocephalic trunk
• Superior vena cava
• Aortic arch (fat covered)
• Pulmonary trunk
• Right atrium
• Left auricle of left atrium
• Anterior interventricular artery
• Right ventricle
• Apex of heart (left ventricle)
• Right pulmonary artery
• Ascending aorta
• Pulmonary trunk
• Right pulmonary veins
• Right atrium
• Right coronary artery (in coronary sulcus)
• Anterior cardiac vein
• Right ventricle
• Marginal artery
• Small cardiac vein
• Inferior vena cava
• Left common carotid artery
• Left subclavian artery
• Aortic arch
• Ligamentum arteriosum
• Left pulmonary artery
• Left pulmonary veins
• Left atrium
• Auricle
• Circumflex artery
• Left coronary artery (in coronary sulcus)
• Left ventricle
• Great cardiac vein
• Anterior interventricular artery (in anterior interventricular sulcus)
• Apex

Hearts - Anterior External View

• Brachiocephalic trunk
• Superior vena cava
• Ascending aorta
• Right pulmonary veins
• Left subclavian artery
• Left common carotid artery
• Arch of aorta
• Ligamentum arteriosum
• Left pulmonary artery
• Left pulmonary veins
• Pulmonary trunk
• Right auricle of right atrium
• Right atrium
• Coronary sulcus
• Right ventricle
• Left auricle of left atrium
• Left ventricle
• Anterior interventricular sulcus

Hearts - Posterior View

• Interatrial septum
• Fossa ovalis
• Opening of inferior vena cava
• Pectinate muscles
• Crista terminalis
• Opening of superior vena cava
• Opening of coronary sinus
• Cusp of tricuspid valve
• Myocardium of left ventricle (cut open)
• Right ventricle (not cut open)
• Interventricular sulcus
• Aorta
• Left pulmonary artery
• Left pulmonary veins
• Auricle of left atrium
• Left atrium
• Great cardiac vein
• Posterior vein of left ventricle
• Left ventricle
• Superior vena cava
• Right pulmonary artery
• Right pulmonary veins
• Right atrium
• Inferior vena cava
• Right coronary artery (in coronary sulcus)
• Coronary sinus
• Posterior interventricular artery (in posterior interventricular sulcus)
• Middle cardiac vein
• Apex
• Right ventricle

Hearts - Posterior External View

• Left subclavian vein
• Descending aorta
• Ligamentum arteriosum
• Left pulmonary artery
• Left pulmonary veins
• Brachiocephalic trunk
• Left common carotid artery
• Superior vena cava
• Right pulmonary arteries
• Right pulmonary veins
• Left atrium
• Coronary sinus (in the coronary sulcus)
• Left ventricle
• Right atrium
• Inferior vena cava
• Right ventricle
• Posterior interventricular sulcus

Valves in Heart

• Pulmonary valve
• Aortic valve
• Mitral valve
• Tricuspid valve
• Fibrous skeleton
• Myocardium
• Tricuspid (right atrioventricular) valve
• Mitral (left atrioventricular) valve
• Aortic valve
• Pulmonary valve

Hearts - Anterior View of Frontal Section showing Internal Anatomy

• Ascending aorta
• Superior vena cava
• Right pulmonary artery
• Pulmonary valve
• Right pulmonary veins
• Opening of superior vena cava
• Fossa ovalis
• Right atrium
• Opening of coronary sinus
• Opening of inferior vena cava
• Tricuspid valve
• Right ventricle
• Inferior vena cava
• Arch of aorta
• Ligamentum arteriosum
• Left pulmonary artery
• Pulmonary trunk
• Left pulmonary veins
• Left atrium
• Aortic valve
• Bicuspid (mitral) valve
• Chordae tendineae
• Left ventricle
• Interventricular septum
• Papillary muscle
• Descending aorta

Principal Arteries

• Right internal carotid
• Right vertebral
• Right common carotid
• Right subclavian
• Brachiocephalic trunk
• Ascending aorta
• Right brachial
• Abdominal aorta
• Celiac trunk
• Common hepatic
• Right radial
• Right renal
• Right ulnar
• Right deep palmar arch
• Right superficial palmar arch
• Right deep femoral
• Right external carotid
• Left common carotid
• Left external iliac
• Left internal iliac
• Left femoral
• Left deep femoral
• Left popliteal
• Left subclavian
• Arch of aorta
• Left axillary
• Thoracic aorta
• Diaphragm
• Left gastric
• Splenic
• Left renal
• Superior mesenteric
• Left gonadal (testicular or ovarian)
• Inferior mesenteric
• Left common iliac
• Left common palmar digital
• Left proper palmar digital
• Left anterior tibial
• Left posterior tibial
• Left fibular (peroneal)
• Left dorsal artery of foot (dorsalis pedis)
• Left arcuate
• Left dorsal metatarsal
• Left dorsal digital

Principal Veins

• Right internal jugular
• Right external jugular
• Right subclavian
• Right brachiocephalic
• Superior vena cava
• Superior sagittal sinus
• Inferior sagittal sinus
• Straight sinus
• Right transverse sinus
• Sigmoid sinus
• Right axillary
• Right cephalic
• Right hepatic
• Right brachials
• Right median cubital
• Right basilic
• Pulmonary trunk
• Coronary sinus
• Great cardiac
• Hepatic portal
• Splenic
• Superior mesenteric
• Left renal
• Inferior mesenteric
• Inferior vena cava
• Left common iliac
• Right radial
• Right median antebrachial
• Right ulnar
• Right palmar venous plexus
• Right palmar digital
• Right proper palmar digital
• Left femoral
• Left great saphenous
• Left popliteal
• Left small saphenous
• Left anterior tibial
• Left posterior tibial
• Left internal iliac
• Left external iliac
• Left dorsal venous arch
• Left dorsal metatarsal
• Left dorsal digital

Pulse Sites

• Temporal artery
• Facial artery
• Common carotid artery
• Brachial artery
• Radial artery
• Femoral artery
• Popliteal artery
• Posterior tibial artery
• Dorsalis pedis artery

Regional Lymph Nodes

• Entrance of right lymphatic duct into right subclavian vein
• Cervical nodes
• Axillary nodes
• Inguinal nodes
• Internal jugular vein
• Entrance of thoracic duct into left subclavian vein
• Thoracic duct
• Aorta
• Cisterna chyli
• Lymphatic collecting vessels

Important Reminder

• Make sure you know the structures listed on each slide.
• If you have questions, ask.
• You have almost limitless resources at your disposal to learn to label these diagrams…use Mastering A and P, lab homework, diagrams in your lab manual, and the internet.
• Do not be afraid to over prepare!!!