Flashcards- key terms test 1

  • Dominion of new england:

    • was a short-lived administrative union established in 1686 by King James II to consolidate control over New England colonies. It aimed to reduce colonial self-governance and was met with resistance, contributing to tensions that led to the Glorious Revolution.

  • sovereignty:

    • The power of a state to control its own government and make decisions without outside interference.

    • The people are sovereign

  • puritans:

    • English Protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England. They sought religious freedom and many moved to America, particularly to New England, to create communities based on their beliefs.

  • William pit:

    • A British statesman known for his leadership during the French and Indian War and for advocating colonial interests. He served as Prime Minister and played a key role in expanding British territory and influence in North America.

    • Spend $$$

    • Focus on North America

    • treat the colonists as partners

  • republican motherhood:

    • The idea that women played an important role in teaching their children the values of citizenship and republicanism, promoting the notion that mothers should raise their sons to be virtuous citizens.

  • battle of yorktown:

    • the last major battle of the American Revolution, fought in 1781, where American and French forces defeated the British, leading to the end of the war and American independence.

  • battle of saratoga:

    • A key battle in the American Revolution fought in 1777, which marked a turning point by convincing France to support the American cause.

  • siege of boston:

    • A military blockade that lasted from April 1775 to March 1776 during the American Revolutionary War, where American forces surrounded the British troops in Boston, ultimately leading to British evacuation.

  • glorius revoltion:

    • The 1688 overthrow of King James II of England, leading to the establishment of parliamentary sovereignty.

  • proclamation of 1763:

    • An order by King George III that prohibited American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains to ease tensions with Native Americans.

  • covenant chain:

    • A series of alliances and treaties between the Iroquois Confederacy and the New York colony, aimed at regulating trade and managing relations

  • mayflower compact:

    • An agreement signed in 1620 by the Pilgrims establishing a government based on majority rule.

  • virtual/ direct representation:

    • The British claim that colonists were represented in Parliament through the Crown, despite not having elected officials.

  • Stamp act

    • A 1765 law requiring colonists to purchase special stamped paper for legal documents, newspapers, and other publications, leading to widespread protest.

  • society of friends:

    • Also known as Quakers, a Christian group emphasizing peace, equality, and direct communion with God

  • salutary neglect:

    • he British policy of relaxing enforcement of regulations in its colonies, allowing colonial businesses to prosper.

  • the wealth of nations:

    • A foundational book by Adam Smith published in 1776 that laid the groundwork for modern economics and capitalism.

  • virginia plan:

    • A proposal at the Constitutional Convention for a strong national government with three branches and representation based on population.

  • the empire of liberty:

    • The belief that the U.S. has a mission to encourage democracy and freedom both domestically and globally.

  • john smith:

    • An English explorer and leader of the Jamestown colony, known for establishing the first permanent English settlement in America.

  • lemuel hayes:

    • An African American minister and abolitionist who contributed to the dialogue on race and religion in 18th-century America.

  • connecticut compromise:

    • An agreement during the Constitutional Convention that created a bicameral legislature, combining the Virginia and New Jersey Plans.

  • sublimus deus:

    • A papal bull issued in 1537 declaring that indigenous peoples of the Americas were rational human beings and deserved protection from slavery.

  • republicanism:

    • A political ideology centered on citizen participation and the belief that government should be accountable to the people

  • three-fifths compromise:

    • An agreement during the Constitutional Convention that counted each enslaved person as three-fifths of a person for representation and taxation.

  • jamestown:

    • The first permanent English settlement in America, founded in 1607 in Virginia.