The English Civil War

King Henry 8

• wanted annulment from his wife because she couldn’t born a boy

• the pope wouldn’t let him

• so he broke the church and created his own religion

Elizabeth 1

• established church of England

• kept catholic aspects but still protestant

• made a promise to have no children

Origin of Parliaments

• limited royal power

• develops/evolves over centuries (now a legislative body)

  • King John

    • bad leader/king

    • signed manga carta

    • English monarchy not absolute

Life in 1600s

• wars across Europe

• most wars were religious wars

• involved in money

• Catholic vs. Protestant

Different Types of the English Civil War

• Protestant vs. very Protestant

• not Catholic vs. Protestant

  • Puritans

    • religious Radicals (believed in fundamental Christian doctrine

    • against ceremonies, stained glass, religious pictures/statues, communion rails

    • hate Catholics

    • all Protestant, but not all Protestants are Puritans

    • must be English, member of Church of England to purify

James of England

• Elizabeth 1 cousin

• became king after her death

• famous for the King James Bible

• used to be king of Scottland

Charles

• James’ son became king after his death

  • problems

    • need money for wars with Spain & France

    • Puritans wanted church reforms & hated rituals

    • Parliament agreed to give money only if Charles signed a petition in 1628

  • the petition

    • subjects couldn’t be imprisoned w/o due cause

    • taxes only w/ parliament consent

    • no quartering troops

    • no martial law in peacetime

  • Charles signed, but ignored it

• 1629: Charles dissolved Parliament (didn’t give him any money)

  • raised money by putting fees & fines

Ship Tax

• Queen Elizabeth put in place for Spanish War

• Charles enforced it again to gain more money

• originally for rebuilding the British navy

Scotland

• Charles forced Scots to use his prayer book

• they rebelled

  • called Parliament into session (he needed money quickly)

    • 1641: Charles attempted to arrest Parliament leaders

    • failed and fled north

    • both of them gather an army

Combatants

• Royalists

  • supported the king

  • “cavaliers”

• Parliamentarians

  • supported parliament

  • “roundheads”

First Battle

• Battle of Edgehill

  • ended as a tie

Years of War

• war dragged on

  • neither side was getting a decisive victory

New Model Army

• 1645: Parliamentary forces reorganized into the new model army

• Oliver Cromwell: general of roundheads & cavalry commander

  • 1649: abolished monarchy

• Lord Fairfax: overall commander

Captured Charles

• 1648: kept as prisoner

• royalists lost armies

The Opinions

• Radials MP/Puritan

  • execute king to keep country safe

• Moderate MP’s

  • remove king but keep monarchy

• Royalists

  • wants Charles back as king

Lord Protectorate

1. banned gambling

2. no theaters or shows

3. banned Christmas

4. shut down taverns

Ireland

• Cromwell suppressed revolt in Ireland

Puritan Rule

• England accepted all religions

  • except for Catholics

1658: Cromwell’s death

• Son takes over (didn’t rule for long)

• 1659: new Parliament asked Charles’ son (Charles 2) to be king

  • Restoration

    • Habeas Corpus: right for accused to be brought before judge/court

    • can’t be arrested or held indefinitely

• 1685: Charles 2 dies

  • new king: James 2 (Charles 2’s brother)

  • catholic

Glorious Revolution

• bloodless

• Parliament invited Mary (Jame’s daughter) & her husband (Duke of Orange) to rule England

• James ran to France in exile

• good protestants

  • Constitutional Monarchy

    • king limited power

    • shares with Parliament

    • 1698: Parliament drafted the Bill of Rights

      • no suspending Parliament’s laws

      • no taxes w/o Parliamnet’s permission

      • freedom of speech

      • can complain abt the king

Cabinet

• ministers who worked with Parliament & the Monarch

• system developed over time