Bioenergetics
Lesson 1
Respiration Why is respiration essential for living things? Recall that all living organisms need energy for life processes, which is provided by cellular respiration. (MRS H GREN) Write the word equation for aerobic respiration State that respiration in plants and animals takes place in the mitochondria of cells Describe aerobic cellular respiration in words, stating the reactants and waste products Explain the importance of respiration for living organisms
Lesson 2
Investigating
respiration How can we prove that respiration produces carbon dioxide? Describe the chemical test for carbon dioxide and state a positive result (from … to…) Explain the results of an experiment to prove the products of aerobic respiration Explain the importance of a control in an experiment
Lesson 3
Gas exchange
system How do humans obtain the reactants for respiration and excrete the products? State the names of the organs of the gas exchange system Describe the function of the organs of the gas exchange system Relate the structure of organs of the gas exchange to their function
Lesson 4
Breathing How are gases moved into and out of the lungs? State that breathing is the mechanical movement of gases into and out of the lungs and involves muscles State the names of the muscles involved in breathing Describe and explain the role of muscles in breathing Distinguish between cellular respiration and breathing, including the nature of the processes and where they take place.
Lesson 5
Gas exchange
surface: alveolus How and why are gases exchanged at the alveoli Describe the structure of the alveoli of the lungs (thin, close to capillaries, large surface area) Describe the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood Explain the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the alveoli
Lesson 6
Photosynthesis How to plants achieve nutrition (MRS H GREN?) State that plants are producers that use a process called photosynthesis to make their own food, rather than taking in food. Describe the chemical reaction, photosynthesis, in words State the word equation for photosynthesis Explain the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis Describe how plants use the glucose made by photosynthesis (building material to make biomass, and as a fuel for cellular respiration)
Lesson 7
The leaf and
stomata How does gas exchange occur in plants? State that the leaf is the organ of photosynthesis Describe the structure of a leaf Explain how a leaf is adapted for photosynthesis Suggest the limitations of a plant having stomata
Lesson 8
Testing a leaf for
starch How can we prove that glucose is a product of photosynthesis, which is then converted into starch? State that glucose is a product of photosynthesis State the starch is made up of long chains of glucose molecules joined together, which is then stored in the leaf Explain the importance of key steps in a method to test a leaf for starch Suggest why a plant stores carbohydrate in the form of starch
Lesson 9
Proving that oxygen
is a product of
photosynthesis
How can we prove that oxygen is a product of photosynthesis State that oxygen is a product of photosynthesis Describe a method to prove that oxygen is a product of photosynthesis Describe and explain the chemical test for oxygen Suggest why this experiment uses a water plant
Lesson 10
Importance of
respiration and
photosynthesis What is the importance of respiration and photosynthesis to living things Recall the word equations for respiration and photosynthesis Apply understanding of photosynthesis and cellular respiration to explain when and why they take place in plants. Recognise that biomass is transferred through food chains, and energy for life processes is made available when some of this biomass is used as fuel for cellular respiration.
Lesson 1: Respiration
Q1: Why is respiration essential for living things?
A: All living organisms need energy for life processes, provided by cellular respiration. (MRS H GREN)
Q2: Where does respiration take place in plants and animals?
A: Respiration occurs in the mitochondria of cells.
Q3: Write the word equation for aerobic respiration.
A: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
Q4: What are the reactants and waste products of aerobic cellular respiration?
A: Reactants: Glucose and Oxygen
Waste Products: Carbon Dioxide and Water
Q5: Why is respiration important for living organisms?
A: It provides energy for essential life processes.
Lesson 2: Investigating Respiration
Q6: How can we prove that respiration produces carbon dioxide?
A: By using a chemical test for carbon dioxide.
Q7: What is the chemical test for carbon dioxide, and what is a positive result?
A: Test: Limewater.
Result: Changes from clear to milky/cloudy.
Q8: Why is a control important in an experiment?
A: A control ensures that the results are due to the variable being tested.
Lesson 3: Gas Exchange System
Q9: How do humans obtain the reactants for respiration and excrete the products?
A: Through the gas exchange system.
Q10: Name the organs of the gas exchange system.
A: Nose, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli.
Q11: What is the function of the organs in the gas exchange system?
A: To deliver oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide.
Q12: How is the structure of the gas exchange organs related to their function?
A: They have large surface areas, thin walls, and are close to blood vessels to enable efficient gas exchange.
Lesson 4: Breathing
Q13: What is breathing?
A: The mechanical movement of gases into and out of the lungs involving muscles.
Q14: Name the muscles involved in breathing.
A: Diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
Q15: What is the role of muscles in breathing?
A: They contract and relax to change the volume of the chest, moving air in and out.
Q16: How is cellular respiration different from breathing?
A: Cellular respiration is a chemical process in cells to produce energy, while breathing is the physical movement of air into and out of the lungs.
Lesson 5: Gas Exchange Surface - Alveolus
Q17: Describe the structure of the alveoli in the lungs.
A: Thin walls, close to capillaries, large surface area.
Q18: What happens at the alveoli during gas exchange?
A: Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.
Lesson 6: Photosynthesis
Q19: How do plants achieve nutrition?
A: Plants are producers that use photosynthesis to make their own food.
Q20: Describe the process of photosynthesis in words.
A: Plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen.
Q21: Write the word equation for photosynthesis.
A: Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight → Glucose + Oxygen
Q22: What is the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis?
A: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which captures sunlight for photosynthesis.
Q23: How do plants use the glucose made in photosynthesis?
A: For building materials (biomass) and as fuel for cellular respiration.
Lesson 7: The Leaf and Stomata
Q24: What is the leaf’s role in photosynthesis?
A: The leaf is the organ of photosynthesis.
Q25: How is a leaf adapted for photosynthesis?
A: Large surface area, thin structure, chlorophyll for capturing sunlight, and stomata for gas exchange.
Q26: What are limitations of stomata?
A: Stomata can lead to water loss.
Lesson 8: Testing a Leaf for Starch
Q27: How can we prove that glucose is made in photosynthesis?
A: By showing that starch, which is made of glucose, is present in leaves.
Q28: What is starch made of?
A: Long chains of glucose molecules joined together.
Q29: Why do plants store carbohydrates as starch?
A: Starch is compact and insoluble, making it easier to store.
Lesson 9: Proving Oxygen as a Product of Photosynthesis
Q30: How can we prove that oxygen is a product of photosynthesis?
A: By collecting oxygen released by a water plant and testing it.
Q31: What is the chemical test for oxygen, and what is the result?
A: Test: A glowing splint.
Result: The splint relights in oxygen.
Q32: Why is a water plant used for this experiment?
A: It releases visible bubbles of oxygen during photosynthesis.
Lesson 10: Importance of Respiration and Photosynthesis
Q33: What are the word equations for respiration and photosynthesis?
A:
Respiration: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
Photosynthesis: Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight → Glucose + Oxygen
Q34: When and why do plants perform respiration and photosynthesis?
A:
Photosynthesis: During the day to produce glucose.
Respiration: All the time to use glucose for energy.
Q35: How is biomass transferred through food chains?
A: Biomass is passed to organisms in the chain, and some of it is used as fuel for cellular respiration.