summary normans

Leadership: Before October 1066, Edward the Confessor ruled, marking a peaceful reign.

Political Structure: England was divided into seven earldoms, led by powerful earls.

Godwin Family: The Godwine family held significant influence, with Godwin attempting to gain more power and his daughter Edith marrying Edward. Harold Godwinson acted as chancellor.

Social Structure: The feudal system was structured: Kings > Earls > Thanes > Churls > Peasants, with slavery beneath peasants.

Demographics: England's population was around 2 million, mostly in villages. High infant mortality reduced average life expectancy to 31 years.

Military Structure: Included professional soldiers (Housecarls) and a local army (Fyrd).

Events Leading to Conquest: Edward’s death in 1066 led to Harold Godwinson’s crowning amidst disputes from other claimants, notably Harald Hardrada and William, Duke of Normandy.

Invasions: Hardrada invaded, defeated at Stamford Bridge by Harold. William invaded shortly after, leading to the decisive Battle of Hastings on October 14, 1066, where Harold was killed.

Norman Changes: William seized land, initiating a new feudal system while implementing legal changes, military developments (Motte and Bailey castles), and economic reforms such as the Domesday Book.

Rebellions: Resistance included the Harrying of the North and other rebellions, highlighting ongoing discontent with Norman rule.