information technology


Overview of Computer Networks

  • Definition: A computer network is a system of interconnected devices that communicate and exchange data with one another using shared communication protocols.

Key Networking Components

  • Hardware

    • Routers: Direct data packets between distinct networks to ensure data reaches its destination.

    • Switches: Connect devices within a single network and direct data to the correct device.

    • Access Points: Provide wireless connectivity for devices to join a wired network.

  • Protocols

    • TCP/IP: The fundamental suite of protocols enabling internet and network communication.

    • DNS (Domain Name System): Translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses.

    • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.

Network Types

  • LAN (Local Area Network): Connects computers within a limited area, such as a home, school, or office.

  • WAN (Wide Area Network): Connects networks across large geographical regions, with the Internet being the largest WAN.

  • WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network): Uses wireless signals, such as Wi-Fi, to connect devices within a local area.