ss ch2 8th grade 

Francisco Pizarro

Captured Inca ruler Atahualpa and executed him for false crimes - Gained control of Inca

Jacques Cartier

Made it to the St. Lawrence River in 1535 - Sailed for France - Marked France's dominance in Canada

Henry Hudson

Dutch - Found Hudson river in 1609 - Ship named Half Moon - Mutinied and left for dead with crew while trying to find northwest passage - opened door for Dutch in New York

Missionaries

Brought Catholic Faith to the new world - Priests established missions in their territiries in the 1500s

Presidios

Buildings that were located on the sides of missions - used to defend the missions

Father Junipero Serra

Founded mission system - forced Natives into Christianity and labor - destroyed their old cultures and ways of life

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Renaissance

"Rebirth" - People Challenged the Catholic Leadership during this time

Spain, Portugal, France, England and Netherlands

European Nations became Stable and Strong, forming these countries

New Land

Money came from this during the Renaissance

Asia

Which continent was considered to be the Hub and center of trade for the world

Amerigo Vespucci

Spanish explorer that America was named after

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

1513 - traveled across Isthmus of Panama and into the Pacific Ocean

Conquistadors

Spanish explorers who came for gold and took entire civilizations of Native peoples with their weaponry

Hernando Cortez

1519 - came to Mexico with 600 men and found a thriving civilization with pyramids and elaborate capitol city - teamed up with Aztec Enemies to take down empire

Montezuma

Ruler of the Aztec civilization when Cortez destroyed it

Cabeza de Vaca

Blown off course by storm, landed in Texas - started rumors about 7 cities of gold

Hernando de Soto

Seized food from Native Americans - 1541 - crossed Mississippi - died of fever in Oklahoma

Francisco de Coronado

Traveled through Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico - Realized that there was no golden city - found shaggy cows

Northwest Passage

What was England, France, and Netherlands looking for

John Cabot

English - Made it to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia in 1497

France

Settled in North around Newfoundland, nice to natives, Christianity was not forced - traded furs and fish for money

Netherlands

Established powerful colony of New Netherland - offered land to anyone who came with 50 or more people to America

England

First settlement Jamestown (1607) didn't work out - made successful colony in 1630 that grew tobacco (Roanoke Island) - people were forced to leave for war with the Spanish in Europe, nobody knows what happend to the people who stayed there

Jamestown

Breeding ground for malaria, Hostile Natives, terrible farmland, first English settlement, found in 1607

Encomienda

The right granted by the Spanish government to the conquistadors that turned Native Americans into slaves was called this (hint, it was the order of cutting off noses and ears)

Coureurs de Bois

"Runners of the Woods"

Vasco de Gama

Set sail from Portugal with 4 ships