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1. What are the three branches of government and what do they do?
Legislative—Makes laws, Executive—Carries out laws , Judicial—Evaluates laws
2. How are the U.S. Supreme Court justices selected?
The president nominates someone for a vacancy on the court. The senate votes to confirm the nominee.
3. How do courts make laws?
Courts make laws through their rulings on cases, which create rules for future cases. The decisions made by courts are called case law, and they are created through the principle of precedent. Precedent means that the logic of previous court decisions must be applied to new cases that come before the same court
4. How are ethics and laws related?
They are related because they both involve rules to set the difference between right and wrong
5. Who determines the duties and requirements for serving in state and local governments?
the state and local governments have the power to choose the duties and responsibilities required for each person to hold office
6. The 5 main sources of law are:
Constitutional Law, Statutory Law, Common Law, Administrative Law, Court Decisions
7. What does the 19th Amendment do?
the 19th amendments gives women the right to vote
8. Are U.S. citizens required to follow any treaty that the United States has signed?
yes
9. Does civil law involve the government? No, civil law usually does not involve the government. Most civil cases are “Person vs. Person” or “Person vs. Cooperation/Business.”
10. How does a civil trial begin vs. a criminal trial? What is the difference?
Criminal begins with the arrest and arraignment of a person. Civil begins with a pre-trial hearing and pleadings.
11. What is common law?
Common Law is the set of laws created over time through customs and judgments by courts which later courts must follow.
12. Define precedent and give one example.
A court decision that is considered as authority for deciding subsequent cases involving identical or similar facts, or similar legal issues. For example, if the judge’s ruling was based on a precedent established for an earlier decision. Brown v. Board Of Education could be an example.
13. What is the difference between criminal and civil procedure? Criminal must be followed exactly!
Criminal procedures are person v government, it is brought to the government, has a right to an attorney, can have jail times or fines, and jurors are unanimous. While civil procedures are involved with people and/or businesses, you don't have a right to an attorney, financial damages or rewards, and it involves starting or stopping something.
14. How is juvenile court different? Do they have a right to a trial and bail?
They don't have the right to a jury or an attorney unlike criminal court for adults. They also don't have a right to a trial or bail.
15. When can an appeal be done in a civil case? Only if the court made a mistake can they get an appeal.
an appeal can be submitted for any case however that does not mean that they will get the appeal accepted.
16. Where does a case that has been decided by a state supreme court be appealed to?
US Supreme Court
17. Who passes Statutory laws?
the acts are passed by congress and later signed by the president for federal laws
passed by state legislatures and later signed by the governor for state laws
18. What is the difference between substantive law and procedural law?
substantive law tells us what the law is not how the law works, procedural law tells us how the law works and has two major divisions which are civil and criminal.
Appellate Court: Courts that review cases from lower courts.
Alternative Dispute Resolution: This serves as a substitute for a lawsuit: mostly used to resolve disagreements outside the court system.
Constitution: a formal document that lays out the main ideas and laws of the land
Precedent: A court decision that is considered an authority for deciding subsequent cases involving identical or similar facts, or similar legal issues.
General Trial Courts: These are state courts located in each county handling criminal and civil cases.
Jurisdiction: The power a court has to hear a case and make a judgment.
Administrative Law: Is the set of laws created by government agencies, For example the Federal Trade commission has the power to make rule regulating business.