Compounds Ions and Other Fun Stuff

Types of Compounds:

Ionic:

  • metal + nonmetal

  • hard, crystalline at room temperature

  • water soluble

  • good conductors of electricity when dissolved

  • gives or takes electrons - doesnt share

Covalent:

  • two non-metals

  • exists at gas, liquid, or soft solid at room temperature

  • molecules exist as separate particles

  • low melting and boiling points

  • poor conductors of heat and electricity

  • shares valence electrons

  • the only names that get greek prefixes

    • prefix for the first one only if its more than one (first nonmetal doesn’t get mono)

    • second nonmetal is written last and the ending is changed to add -ide

    • the second ALWAYS gets a prefix nm what

    • mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca

Metallic:

  • bonds form between only metal atoms

  • valence electrons are mobile and move through entire metallic crystal

  • good conductors of electricity

  • ductile - can be molded into thin wires

  • dont dissolve in water

  • high melting point and boiling point

Covalent Compound Nomenclature

  • since two nonmetals won’t lose electrons, they share

  • insert pictures of bhor models***

Ionic Compounds Transition Metals

  • Naming ionic compounds with cations of transition metals:

    • determine the charge of transition metal using known charge of the anion

    • name cation with roman numeral to indicate charge

    • name the anion

    • when naming ionic compounds constraining transition metals