AP World History MEGA DUMP Summary

Main regions focused on during this era: East Asia (China), Dar-Al Islam, South and Southeast Asia, the Americas, Africa, and Europe.
Confucianism started with the Mandate of Heaven.
States heavily relied on trade routes for economic prosperity.
The Mongols played a significant role in boosting the economy throughout Eurasia, particularly impacting the Silk Roads.
Pax Mongolia facilitated trade.
The Crusades increased trade and cultural exchange, while the Black Death caused a major population decrease and feudalism issues.
Religious wars were initiated by the Christian Church.
State systems expanded and maintained power through trade and religion.
States utilized their geography for resources, especially in the spice trade.
The Aztec Empire practiced human sacrifice as tribute when conquering new lands.

Trans-Saharan trade network.
The Mongolian Empire was established by Genghis Khan through war and intimidation.
Expansion was aided by the decline of the Song Dynasty.

The advent of gunpowder during the Industrial Revolution created new ways to expand, especially in the Columbian Exchange.
It facilitated the global exchange of goods, ideas, and diseases.

Corruption within the Church led to attempts at reform, altering its operations.
Martin Luther, a monk, challenged the Church's teachings based on biblical interpretations.
His actions caused a significant split within the Church and the Roman Empire.
Martin Luther and John Calvin initiated the Protestant Reformation through their protests.

Sikhism is a religion that respects the rights of other faiths.
Akbar attempted to reduce tensions between Hindus and Muslims and provide additional support for the people.

Tax farmers were local officials responsible for collecting taxes.
These officials often became corrupt, retaining a portion of the collected taxes.
This corruption led to personal wealth accumulation but contributed to economic decline.

Key players: Portugal, Spain, England, France, and the Dutch.
Innovations: Lateen sail, compass, ships (fluyt, carrack, caravel).
Motivations: Spices, gold, silver, copper, natural resources, and glory.
Columbian Exchange: Exchange of foods and diseases, with Europe benefiting and the Americas facing losses. Diversification of both hemispheres.
The exchange led to the death of Native Americans, slavery, cash crop cultivation, and forced labor.
Labor systems included chattel slavery, indentured servitude, and the encomienda system.
Portugal, Spain, England, France, and the Dutch developed innovations to bypass the Ottoman Empire.
New technologies facilitated the establishment of new colonies in Spain, driven by "God, gold, and glory."
Spices, religion, and fame initiated the Columbian Exchange, introducing new elements like slavery, foods, and diseases to different regions.

Key themes: Nationalism, industrialization, agricultural revolution, urbanization, government roles, economic systems, and ideologies.

Identifying five things that increased in each era (1200-1450, 1450-1750, 1750-1900, 1900-present).

MCQ, SAQ, LEQ, DBQ
- Comparison: Similarities and differences across regions, governments, and religions.
- Causation: Cause and effect relationships.
- Continuity and Change: Analysis of what remains the same and what changes over time, across different periods.
Themes:
- Economic Systems
- Governance
- Technology and Innovation
- Human Interaction with the Environment
- Cultural Development and Interactions
- Social Interaction and Organization