Chapter 6: Microscopic Evidence and Its Analysis

  • The vehicle is the binder that holds all the components together (pigment and solvent) and is usually made of natural or synthetic resins.


  • The hair follows a specific growth cycle, undergoing three phases: anagen, catagen, and telogen.

    • Anagen → the active growth phase where the hair follicle is actively producing hair, lasting several years and resulting in significant lengthening of the hair.

    • Catagen → the transitional phase that lasts for a few weeks, during which the hair follicle shrinks and detaches from the growing hair, effectively halting further growth.

    • Telogen → the resting phase that can last several months, during which the hair is fully formed but not actively growing; at the end of this phase, the hair may be shed, and a new anagen phase may begin.

  • Morpholohy → the study of the structure and form of hair, which includes examining characteristics such as thickness, color, and texture, providing essential information for forensic analysis.

  • Beetles in the family Dermestidae (the carpet beetles and the hide beetles) include members that feed on hair by producing to digest the keratin present in the hair

  • Hair remains attached to a decedent during the early parts of decomposition but falls away as putrefaction develops

  • Most common type of trace evidence


  • Shellac → a very old coating made from an insect extract and dissolved in methyl alcohol.

    • mainly used to protect wood, although it has been replaced by varnishes.