Reproduction

Puberty

Puberty is the stages of life during when a child grows into an adult from ages

10-18

Our body begins to produce more growth hormones and sex hormones

Secondary sexual characteristics appear (external features)

Men have Testosterone while Female have Estrogen and Progesterone

Male Reproductive System

Sperm duct: transports sperm from testis to urethra

Sex glands: produces semen (nutrients for sperm)

Testis: where sperm is produced

Urethra: passes semen or urine out of the body

Penis: transfers semen to the female reproductive systems

Scrotum: bag of skin holding the testis

The sperm is mixed with the fluids from the sex glands to form semen

Female Reproductive System

Oviduct: moves the egg to the uterus

Ovary: where eggs are produced

Uterus: development place for the baby until its born

Vagina: receives the penis during sex, baby passes here when its born

Uterine lining: the wall that breaks down during periods

Menstrual Cycle

Involves the preparation of the uterine lining so that it is able to receive a fertilized egg

If an egg is fertilized, it can implant itself in the uterus lining

If not, the lining breaks down and is released from the body

Days 1-28

Day 1-5: uterine lining breaks

Day 6-10: lining begins to thicken again

Day 11-18: the lining continues to thicken

Day 19-28: the lining is the thickest in this period

A pregnant woman does not have menstruation

Implantation

As the fertilized egg travels down the oviduct to the uterus, it grows and divides into a ball of cells called a embryo

The process when the embryo settles into the uterine lining is called implantation.

Cell division

Cell Division is when one cell divides into two identical cells, then the process repeats till a ball of cells is formed.

The cells begin to differentiate as they become specialized to carry out particular roles. (now its called a embryo)

Development of a Baby

Week 4-6: The cells of the embryo continue to specialize and form different layers. The embryo is surrounded by an amniotic sac. The amniotic fluid protects the embryo from damage. The outer layer of the amniotic sac turns into the Placenta

Week 8-9: The embryo is known as a foetus (fetus)

Week 12: The placenta is fully formed and its linked to the foetus by the umbilical cord. Nutrients and oxygen is transferred from the blood to the foetus via the umbilical cord. Waste products such as co2 are removed.

Week 20-24: The foetus is aware of sounds outside the uterus. The foetus swallows amniotic fluid and can produce urine

Week 28: Beginning of the THIRD trimester

Week 37-40: The baby’s head points downwards. The cervix dilates during labor and the muscles in the uterus contract to push the baby out of the vagina.