bio41 test 2 proteins + RNAs
DNA polymerase III | DNA replication | primary player in DNA replication; catalyzes condensation rxn btwn 3’ nucleotide of growing strand and 5’ phosphate of new nucleotide |
exonuclease | DNA replication | checks sequence and removes incorrect nucleotide |
sliding (beta) clamp | DNA replication | keeps DNA polymerase on DNA |
DNA helicase | DNA replication | breaks h-bonds between helices so DNA strands can separate |
SSB | DNA replication | single-strand binding protein; protects DNA from repair molecules while Okazaki fragments are being built on lagging strand |
primase | DNA replication | creates RNA primer so DNA polymerase can extend strand to build Okazaki fragment |
DNA polymerase I | DNA replication | removes RNA primer on Okazaki fragment and replaces it with DNA |
topoisomerase | DNA replication | nicks DNA to relieve coiling tension |
telomerase | DNA replication | builds back telomere repeated sequence on end of chromosomes |
TFIIH | eukaryotic transcription | general transcription factor that opens transcription bubble using ATP hydrolysis; phosphorylates RNA polymerase II tail so transcription can start; tail phosphorylation also signals to RNA processing enzymes |
RNA polymerase II | eukaryotic transcription | tail phosphorylation releases its attachment to general transcription factors so it can move away from promoter onto rest of DNA and transcription can commence; phosphorylated tail allows RNA processing enzymes to find newly synthesized mRNA strands; follow windings and helices and other DNA structures; no primer or proofreading; reads template DNA in 3’ to 5’ direction and synthesizes RNA 5’ to 3’ |
TFIID | eukaryotic transcription | TBP subunit binds to TATA box, causing local distortion that marks spot and recruits other transcription factors to form transcription initiation complex; remains bound to promoter after RNA pol II begins transcription |
TFIIB | eukaryotic transcription | helps form RNA pol ii pre-initiation and TATA-TBP complexes |
TBP | eukaryotic transcription | TATA-binding protein; subunit of TFIID |
TFIIF | eukaryotic transcription | helps RNA pol ii form pre-initiation complex; prevents RNA pol ii from interacting w DNA outside promoter |
TFIIE | eukaryotic transcription | helps recruit TFIIH; RNA pol ii pre-initiation complex |
elongation factors | eukaryotic transcription | wedge themselves btwn DNA and histones and lift FNA so that transcription factors and RNA pol ii can get in there and do transcription |
RNA polymerase | prokaryotic transcription | synthesizes RNA strand from template DNA; no primer or proofreading; reads/moves 3’ to 5’ to build 5’ to 3’ |
sigma factor | prokaryotic transcription | binds to -35 and -10 sequences to recruit and orient RNA polymerase |
nuclear pore complexes | RNA processing | control which mRNA molecules exit nucleus to control which are translated; based on proteins that bind on to components of processed RNA |
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase | translation | recognizes anticodon loop of tRNA and uses ATP to provide energy for creating covalent bond to link tRNA and its corresponding amino acid |
release factor | translation | binds to A site on ribosome to terminate translation |
small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) | RNA processing | along w snRNAs, form spliceosome that complementary base pairs w splice site to do RNA splicing |
mRNA | messenger RNA | transcription thru translation | protein-encoding RNA; mature form has poly A tail, 5’ cap, and has been spliced |
tRNA | transfer RNA | translation | adaptor that “reads” codon in mRNA; brings amino acid to ribosome to get added to growing strand; anticodon on one end and corresponding amino acid on other strand; components covalently linked by aminoacyl-tRNA synthease |
rRNA | ribosomal RNA | translation | structural and catalytic core of ribosome |
snRNA | small nuclear RNA | RNA processing | abt 200 nucleotides; part of spliceosome |
miRNA | micro RNA | translation | noncoding RNA that base pairs w a specific mRNA to regulate its stability and translation |
siRNA | small interfering RNA | transcription thru translation | produced from breaking double stranded RNA during RNA interference; base pairs w complementary sequences of other RNAs to inactivate or destroy target RNAs |
lncRNA | long noncoding RNA | scaffold |