Test 3 Section 1

Rutherford Hayes 

• Civil service reform, merit-based appointments 

• Compromise of 1877 ends Reconstruction 

• Advocates for civil rights for African Americans 

• Vetoes inflationary Greenback bills 

• Promotes education and public health reforms 

James Garfield 

• Advocates for civil service reform 

• Assassinated early in his presidency 

• Supports tariff reduction to help farmers 

• Staunch supporter of civil rights 

• Focused on ending political corruption 

Chester Arthur 

• Supports civil service reform efforts 

• Pushes for naval expansion and modernization 

• Enacts the Chinese Exclusion Act 

• Advocates for tariff reform 

• Addresses issues of patronage in government 

Grover Cleveland 

• Fiscal conservatism, limited government spending 

• Vetoed many pension bills for veterans 

• Supports the gold standard 

• Advocates for civil service reform 

• Reduces tariffs with the Wilson-Gorman Act 

Benjamin Harrison 

• Advocates for high protective tariffs 

• Significantly increases naval funding 

• Signs the Sherman Antitrust Act 

• Works on reciprocity agreements with Europe 

• Supports federal funding for education 

Grover Cleveland 

• Supports sound money, gold standard 

• Battles against corporate monopolies 

• Enacts the Interstate Commerce Act 

• Fights for civil service reform 

• Economic policies focus on fiscal restraint 

William McKinley 

• Protective tariffs with the McKinley Tariff 

• Pushes for expansionism, annexes Hawaii 

• Spanish-American War, gains territories 

• Supports gold standard, opposes silver 

• Assassinated, succeeded by Teddy Roosevelt 

Teddy Roosevelt 

• Trust-busting, breaks up monopolies 

• Progressive reforms, Pure Food and Drug Act 

• Conservation efforts, establishes national parks 

• Negotiates Panama Canal construction 

• "Big Stick" diplomacy, assertive foreign policy 

William Taft 

• Continued trust-busting, antitrust efforts 

• Implements progressive income tax 

• Supports dollar diplomacy in foreign policy 

• Focuses on expanding foreign markets 

• Expands the civil service system 

Woodrow Wilson 

• Federal Reserve Act, central banking system 

• Progressive taxation with the income tax 

• Leads during World War I 

• Pushes for League of Nations 

• Signs the Clayton Antitrust Act 

Warren Harding 

• Return to normalcy after WWI 

• Advocates for lower taxes, tariffs 

• Appoints conservative Supreme Court justices 

• Supports pro-business policies 

• Involved in Teapot Dome scandal 

Calvin Coolidge 

• Economic policies focus on laissez-faire 

• Advocates for tax cuts, reduced spending 

• Supports immigration restriction 

• Signs Kellogg-Briand Pact for peace 

• Upholds civil liberties, limited government intervention        

Herbert Hoover 

• Response to Great Depression criticized 

• Advocates for volunteerism over federal relief 

• Hoover Dam project for economic stimulus 

• Implements protective tariffs worsening depression 

• Fails to address economic downturn effectively       

Franklin Roosevelt 

• New Deal programs to combat Depression 

• Banking reforms with Glass-Steagall Act 

• Social Security Act establishes safety net 

• Promotes labor rights with Wagner Act 

• Leads US through WWII, enacts Lend-Lease