8th grade 1.12

Poetry is divided into lines, which are .
Lines are organized into called stanzas.
The lines in a stanza work together to express one key idea.
A blank line, called a , indicates the end of one stanza and the beginning of another.

Refrain: A line or group of at regular intervals in a poem, often at the end of each stanza, reminding readers of a key idea.
Repetition: The use of any language element (sound, word, phrase) more than once; a type of sound device.
Variations: Changing one or more words with each repetition.

Someone tossed a pancake, A buttery, buttery pancake.

That now I see the pancake,

The buttery, buttery pancake.

By Sandra Liatsos

Rhyme: The repetition of vowel and consonant sounds at the ends of words (e.g., tin and pin).
Rhyme Scheme: The pattern that rhymes follow.
Example:
- How doth the little crocodile
  - A Improve his shining tail,
  - B And pour the waters of the Nile
  - A On every golden scale!
  - B

Figurative Language: Language not meant to be taken literally.
Common Types:
- Simile: Compares two things using "like" or "as".
- Metaphor: Describes one thing as if it were something else.
- Personification: Gives human qualities to nonhuman objects.

Simile: His hands were as cold as steel.
Simile: The pillow is like a cloud.
Metaphor: My chores were a mountain waiting to be climbed.
Personification: The fingertips of the rain tapped a steady beat on the windowpane.

Alliteration: Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words (e.g., slippery slope).
Onomatopoeia: Words that imitate sounds (e.g., splat, hiss, gurgle, pop).
Imagery: Descriptions appealing to the five senses, helping convey sensory experiences.
Tone: The author's attitude towards a subject, expressed through word choice.
Example of Imagery:
- Taste the green in the lettuce,
- Hear the crunch of its freshness,
- Smell its earth perfume.