Crystallisation of a solid impure product

  • dissolve crude solid product in minimum amount of hot water - hot to ensure solution is saturated

  • filtered through a filter funnel to remove insoluble impurities

  • allow solution to cool and crystals to form - yield is lower if filtered when warm

  • filer off crystals using a Buchner funnel

  • cork to compress crystals - better drying but water not squeezed out

  • cold water poured through crystals to remove soluble impurities

Ionic potassium dichromate equation

Cr2O7²- + 14H^+ 6Fe²+ → 2Cr³+ +7H2O + 6Fe³+

  • dichromate always becomes Cr2+

  • manganate always becomes Mn2+